Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the study patients according to the presence of CV events.
| Variables | Total (n = 194) | CV event (-) (n = 137) | CV event (+) (n = 57) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.89 ± 14.53 | 56.25 ± 14.91 | 61.84 ± 12.85 | 0.014 |
| Sex (male) | 114 (58.8) | 81 (59.1) | 33 (57.9) | 0.874 |
| Dialysis modality (HD) | 155 (79.9) | 105 (76.6) | 50 (87.7) | 0.114 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.60 ± 3.41 | 23.32 ± 3.55 | 24.27 ± 3.00 | 0.081 |
| Smoking (Yes) | 29 (14.9) | 20 (14.6) | 9 (15.8) | 0.832 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 141.61 ± 18.69 | 139.36 ± 18.84 | 147.05 ± 17.32 | 0.009 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.60 ± 13.00 | 77.22 ± 13.16 | 78.52 ± 16.68 | 0.525 |
| Primary cause of renal disease | 0.103 | |||
| Diabetes | 91 (46.9) | 56 (40.9) | 35 (61.4) | |
| Hypertension | 44 (22.7) | 34 (24.8) | 10 (17.5) | |
| GN | 23 (11.9) | 18 (13.1) | 5 (8.8) | |
| Others | 10 (5.2) | 7 (5.1) | 3 (5.3) | |
| unknown | 26 (13.4) | 22 (16.1) | 4 (7.0) | |
| Comorbid disease | ||||
| Chronic lung disease | 20 (10.4) | 10 (7.4) | 10 (17.5) | 0.041 |
| Coronary arterial disease | 27 (13.9) | 13 (9.5) | 14 (24.6) | 0.008 |
| Arrhythmia | 10 (5.2) | 3 (2.2) | 7 (12.3) | 0.008 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 33 (17.0) | 26 (19.0) | 7 (12.3) | 0.3 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 35 (18.0) | 16 (11.7) | 19 (33.3) | 0.001 |
| Ulcer | 11 (5.7) | 8 (5.8) | 3 (5.3) | 0.874 |
| Liver disease | 5 (2.6) | 4 (2.9) | 1 (1.8) | 0.641 |
| DM | 111 (57.2) | 71 (51.8) | 40 (70.2) | 0.025 |
| Modified CCI | 5.23 ± 2.62 | 5.05 ± 2.68 | 5.68 ± 2.47 | 0.133 |
| Davies score | 1.07 ± 0.95 | 0.98 ± 0.90 | 1.28 ± 1.03 | 0.055 |
| Baseline laboratory findings | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.16 ± 5.88 | 8.69 ± 1.16 | 10.30 ± 10.70 | 0.083 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 57.55 ± 28.54 | 59.17 ± 29.57 | 53.67 ± 25.74 | 0.223 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 8.09 ± 10.01 | 8.80 ± 11.76 | 6.41 ± 2.31 | 0.131 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.31 ± 1.44 | 3.43 ± 1.67 | 3.06 ± 0.48 | 0.102 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 149.97 ± 40.68 | 148.19 ± 38.08 | 154.28 ± 46.42 | 0.343 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 113.15 ± 48.68 | 110.32 ± 49.20 | 119.98 ± 46.85 | 0.208 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 81.69 ± 29.49 | 81.27 ± 27.39 | 82.72 ± 34.25 | 0.757 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 37.94 ± 12.25 | 38.60 ± 12.25 | 36.39 ± 12.21 | 0.253 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.62 ± 3.81 | 138.00 ± 3.68 | 136.72 ± 4.00 | 0.032 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.10 ± 0.76 | 4.09 ± 0.76 | 4.11 ± 0.79 | 0.851 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 22.84 ± 4.36 | 22.89 ± 4.43 | 22.70 ± 4.20 | 0.779 |
| iPTH (pmol/L) | 195.01 (99.85–231.5) | 209.37 (100.0–235.05) | 159.90 (91.44–213.96) | 0.077 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 16.03 (1–18.72) | 14.24 (1–13.94) | 20.30 (1.85–25.25) | 0.182 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 12213 (1924–20682) | 9356 (1338–16737.5) | 17228 (3512–35000) | <0.001 |
| cTnT (ng/mL) | 0.10 (0.02–0.10) | 0.083 (0.024–0.099) | 0.144 (0.03–0.126) | 0.054 |
| 24-hr urine related parameter | ||||
| Urine volume (mL/day) | 886.0 (467.5–1172.5) | 978.0 (560.0–1360.0) | 665.1 (375.0–890.0) | <0.001 |
| Urine protein (mg/day) | 2103.6 (556.3–2721.5) | 2048.6 (554.2–2617.1) | 2236.1 (559.8–2793.7) | 0.595 |
| Medications | ||||
| RAS blocker | 155 (79.9) | 108 (78.8) | 47 (82.5) | 0.695 |
| Diuretics | 118 (60.8) | 83 (60.6) | 35 (61.4) | 0.915 |
| CCB | 132 (68) | 94 (68.6) | 38 (66.7) | 0.866 |
| Beta blocker | 120 (61.9) | 81 (59.1) | 39 (68.4) | 0.258 |
| Aspirin | 51 (26.3) | 33 (24.1) | 18 (31.6) | 0.288 |
| Clopidogrel | 17 (8.8) | 8 (5.8) | 9 (15.8) | 0.016 |
| Vitamin D | 97 (50) | 70 (51.1) | 27 (47.4) | 0.753 |
| ESA | 167 (86.1) | 118 (86.1) | 49 (86.0) | 0.976 |
CV, cardiovascular; HD, hemodialysis; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; GN, glomerulonephritis; DM, diabetes mellitus; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; RAS, renin-angiotensin-system; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ESA, erythropoietin stimulating agent.
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (range).