Table 2. Bivariate association between grandparent presence, poverty status and household income, children in mother-only families, 2001.

	No grandparent in the household	One grandparent in the household	Two grandparents in the household	Total sample
Poor (less than 100% of the poverty cutoff)	38.6%	25.8%	14.2%	36.2%
Near poor (100-149% of the poverty cutoff)	18.4%	22.4%	7.6%	18.3%
Not poor (150%+ of the poverty cutoff)	43.0%	51.8%	78.2%	45.5%
	100.0%	100.0%	100.0	100.0%
Household Income (in annual amounts):
Mean	$27,619	$36,697	$63,635	$30,202
Standard Deviation	$26,850	$25,445	$36,134	$28,409
Median	$21,129	$30,714	$59,729	$22,950
N of cases (unweighted)	5,062	525	279	5,866

Note: Calculated by the authors from Wave 1 microdata file of the 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation. The unit of analysis is children under age 18 in mother-only families. Excluded from the sample are children who have ever been married, and children who are non-relatives of householder or who head a household themselves. Incomes are reported monthly; values in the table are based on the sum of reports across the four months prior to interview, multiplied by three for annual equivalents. All differences in values across columns are statistically significant at p≤.01.