Table 3. Multivariate association between grandparent presence and poverty, children in mother-only families, 2001.
| Model I | Model II | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor v Not poor (1) | Near poor v Not poor (2) | Poor v Not poor (1) | Near poor v Not poor (2) | |||||
| b (s.e.) | Odds ratio | b (s.e.) | Odds ratio | b (s.e.) | Odds ratio | b (s.e.) | Odds ratio | |
| Characteristics of the household: | ||||||||
| One grandparent in the household | -1.658** (.142) | 0.19 | -0.478** (.132) | 0.62 | ||||
| Two grandparents in the household (No grandparent) | -2.821** (.214) | 0.06 | -2.054** (.245) | 0.13 | ||||
| Number of children in the household | 0.384** (.032) | 1.47 | 0.298** (.034) | 1.35 | 0.427** (.033) | 1.53 | 0.316** (.034) | 1.37 |
| Characteristics of the child: | ||||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | .916** (.090) | 2.50 | 0.561** (.096) | 1.75 | 0.841** (.094) | 2.32 | 0.519** (.097) | 1.68 |
| Other non-Hispanic | 0.351** (.189) | 1.42 | 0.154 (.208) | 0.515** (.198) | 1.67 | 0.244 (.211) | ||
| Latino/Hispanic | 0.416** (.105) | 1.52 | 0.349** (.111) | 1.42 | 0.453** (.109) | 1.57 | 0.382** (.113) | 1.47 |
| (White, non-Hispanic) | ||||||||
| Age | -0.017 (.009) | -0.019* (.009) | 0.98 | -0.031** (.009) | 0.97 | -0.026** (.010) | 0.98 | |
| Characteristics of the mother: | ||||||||
| Under age 20 | -1.549** (.229) | 0.21 | -1.012** (.279) | 0.36 | -0.525* (.251) | 0.59 | -0.443 (.292) | |
| Age 20-24 | -0.523** (.132) | 0.59 | -0.314* (.147) | 0.73 | -0.214 (.140) | -0.120 (.151) | ||
| Age 40 and over | -0.238* (.094) | 0.79 | 0.028 (.096) | -0.277** (.096) | 0.76 | -0.002 (.097) | ||
| (Age 25-39) | ||||||||
| Divorced | -0.452** (.097) | 0.64 | -0.088 (.101) | -0.645** (.101) | 0.53 | -0.198 (.103) | ||
| Widowed | -1.204** (.213) | 0.30 | -0.472* (.210) | 0.62 | -1.456** (.220) | 0.23 | -0.597** (.212) | 0.55 |
| Separated or spouse absent | 0.090 (.100) | -0.071 (.112) | -0.094 (.105) | -0.140 (.115) | ||||
| (Never married) | ||||||||
| Works full-time | -2.363** (.095) | 0.09 | -0.662** (.111) | 0.52 | -2.594** (.101) | 0.08 | -0.806** (.115) | 0.45 |
| Works part-time | -0.561** (.106) | 0.57 | 0.202 (.129) | -0.661** (.112) | 0.52 | 0.127 (.132) | ||
| (Mom does not work) | ||||||||
| Has a work disability | 0.495** (.121) | 1.64 | 0.303* (.143) | 1.35 | 0.452** (.125) | 1.57 | 0.261 (.145) | |
| High school graduate | -0.732** (.096) | 0.48 | -0.517** (.107) | 0.60 | -0.602** (.100) | 0.55 | -0.425** (.109) | 0.65 |
| College graduate | -2.027** (.170) | 0.13 | -1.686** (.178) | 0.19 | -1.996** (.176) | 0.14 | -1.630** (.180) | 0.20 |
| (Less than high school) | ||||||||
| Intercept | .888** | -0.590** | 1.310** | -0.339 | ||||
| Chi-square/ degrees of freedom | 2310/32 | 2667/36 | ||||||
| Pseudo-R2 | .372 | .418 | ||||||
|
| ||||||||
| N of cases | 5,866 | 5,866 | ||||||
Note: Calculated by the authors from Wave 1 microdata file of the 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation. The unit of analysis is children under age 18 in mother-only families. Excluded from the sample are children who have ever been married, and children who are non-relatives of householder or who head a household themselves.
*
p≤.05
**
p≤.01