Figure 10. KC release by macrophages (A–D) and microglial cells (E–H) from young and aged mice in vitro.

In non-activated state, KC release from aged macrophages was significantly lower compared to aged macrophages (n = 14/21) (A), however, it did not differ between aged and young microglial cells (n = 15/14) (E). Macrophages from aged mice released less KC than macrophages from young mice after treatment with different concentrations of Pam₃CSK₄ (n = 12–18) (B) and LPS (n = 6–15) (C). Similarly, microglial cells from aged mice released less KC than microglial cells from young mice after treatment with a selected dose of Pam₃CSK₄ (n = 6) (F) and LPS (n = 6) (G). After stimulation with CpG, no differences concerning the KC release were observed between aged and young macrophages (n = 9–15) (D) and aged and young microglial cells (n = 5) (H). Data are shown as medians (25./75 percentile); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test, Bonferroni correction in B, C, and D.