Table 1.
Larval habitats characterization and composition species of Anopheles mosquitoes in Tunisia
| Governorate | GPS (north/east) | Locality | Chemical characteristics | Physical characteristics | Anopheline species | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C) | pH | Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | Salinity (mg/L) | Habitat type | Altitude (m) | Sunlight exposure | Water turbidity | Substrate | Vegetation | Culicine larvae | Fish | ||||
| Biezrte | 36°55′/9°22′ | Bagrat | 32.2 | 8.8 | 12.1 | 506 | Suburban | 251.7 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | No vegetation | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Ariana | 36°54′/10°03′ | Chorfesh | 28.6 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 1,480 | Rural | 54.1 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | No vegetation | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Ben arous | 36°36′/10°09′ | Siguel | 37.2 | 8.7 | 18.5 | 952.1 | Rural | 130.7 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | P. communis/algae | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Beja | 36°58′/9°00′ | Wechtat1 | 32.8 | 2.6 | 14.5 | 330 | Rural | 76.9 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | T. angustifolia | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Beja | 36°57′/8°59′ | Wechtat2 | 28.1 | 7.7 | 25.4 | 168 | Rural | 103.7 | Sunny | Clear | Rocky | No vegetation | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Beja | 36°30′/9°14′ | Bir touta | 33.4 | 8.8 | 20.2 | 841 | Rural | 411.3 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | P. communis | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Beja | 36°42′/9°27′ | Babouche | 31.5 | 8.4 | 21 | 1,751 | Rural | 261.8 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | Algae | + | + | An. labranchiae |
| Beja | 36°41′/9°27′ | Deroua | 28.5 | 8.3 | 10 | 3,030 | Rural | 256.2 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | P. communis/algae | + | + | An. labranchiae |
| Beja | 36°35′/9°11′ | Elhamri1 | 25.6 | 7.6 | 14.2 | 333 | Rural | 213.76 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | Algae | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Jandouba | 36°55′/8°45′ | Kaffaf | 27.8 | 7.3 | 9.4 | 235 | Rural | 65.6 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | No vegetation | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Jandouba | 36°52′/8°43′ | Ktayreyia | 28.6 | 7.6 | 18.3 | 252 | Rural | 93.1 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | P. communis | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Jandouba | 36°45′/8°32′ | Rouii | 26.7 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 372 | Rural | 196.9 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | T. angustifolia | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Jandouba | 36°43′/8°35′ | Ncham1 | 33.2 | 7.1 | 12.3 | 392 | Rural | 672.8 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | Algae | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Jandouba | 36°44′/8°35′ | Ncham2 | 31.6 | 7.6 | 10.1 | 178.1 | Rural | 646.3 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | No vegetation | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Jandouba | 36°38′/8°39′ | Damous | 29.5 | 7.8 | 11.1 | 162.5 | Rural | 337.5 | Sunny | Clear | Muddy | No vegetation | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Kairouan | 35°56′/10°01′ | Sbikha | 28.9 | 8.9 | 18.4 | 1,139 | Suburban | 136.2 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | Algae | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Monastir | 35°30′/10°46′ | Jnaiha | 34.5 | 8.6 | 15.1 | 941 | Rural | 122.1 | Shaded | Clear | Muddy | P. communis/T. angustifolia | + | − | An. labranchiae |
| Tozeur | 33°57′/8°13′ | Gite2 | 24.4 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 9,010 | Rural | 49.2 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | P. communis/Juncus sp. | + | − | An. algeriensis |
| Tozeur | 33°58′/8°14′ | Gite9 | 28.6 | 6.6 | 10.6 | 13,660 | Rural | 57 | Shaded | Clear | Sandy | P. communis | + | − | An. multicolor |
| Tozeur | 33°59′/8°14′ | Mejed | 36.4 | 6 | 2.1 | 23,600 | Suburban | 75.3 | Sunny | Turbid | Sandy | Sarcocornia sp. | + | − | An. multicolor |
| Tozeur | 34°00′/8°09′ | Chnichina | 29.8 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 9,970 | Suburban | 75.1 | Shaded | Clear | Sandy | P. communis | + | − | An. algeriensis |
| Tataouine | 32°58′/10°22′ | Tlalet | 21.4 | 8.4 | 17.1 | 6,440 | Suburban | 282.2 | Shaded | Clear | Sandy | P. communis/algae | + | + | An. sergentii |
| Tataouine | 32°22′/10°23′ | Lachouch | 24.5 | 7.7 | 17.9 | 36,800 | Suburban | 315.6 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | No vegetation | + | − | An. multicolor/An. sergentii |
| Tataouine | 32°19′/10°23′ | Ettboul | 24.7 | 8.5 | 13.2 | 4,520 | Rural | 332.1 | Shaded | Clear | Sandy | P. communis | + | − | An. multicolor |
| Tataouine | 33°03′/10°20′ | Ennasr | 19.4 | 8.7 | 11.3 | 2,820 | Urban | 305.9 | Sunny | Clear | Sandy | No vegetation | + | − | An. sergentii |
GPS = global positioning system..