Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population a)
| Women (n = 113) | Men (n = 49) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | P 5, P 95 | Median | P 5, P 95 | P b) | |
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [nmol/L]c) | 62.5 | 39.0 – 87.6 | 65.6 | 44.9 – 88.1 | 0.251 |
| Age (years) | 75.0 | 68.7 – 85.6 | 76.0 | 67.5 – 85.0 | 0.196 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 | 21.1 – 35.0 | 26.4 | 21.7 – 33.9 | 0.792 |
| Total body fat (%) | 42.7 | 32.1 – 50.6 | 30.9 | 21.7 – 43.3 | < 0.001 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 55.7 | 39.4 – 69.1 | 61.5 | 41.3 – 79.9 | < 0.001 |
| Intact parathyroid hormone [pmol/L] | 4.6 | 2.6 – 12.1 | 4.4 | 2.1 – 10.6 | 0.717 |
| Blood sampling in September (n, %) | 43 | 38.1 | 17 | 34.7 | 0.726 |
| Time spent outdoors (min/d) | 120 | 37 – 360 | 150 | 30 – 540 | 0.033 |
| Dietary vitamin D intake (μg/d) | 3.0 | 0.4 – 10.3 | 5.1 | 0.8 – 19.6 | 0.099 |
| Vitamin D supplement users (n, %) | 14 | 12.4 | 3 | 6.1 | 0.278 |
| Dietary calcium intake (g/d) | 1.0 | 0.5 – 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.5 – 1.6 | 0.969 |
| Calcium supplement users (n, %) | 41 | 36.3 | 9 | 18.4 | 0.027 |
| Dietary phosphorus intake (g/d) | 1.2 | 0.8 – 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 – 2.5 | 0.006 |
| Alcohol intake (g/d) | 0.5 | 0.0 – 21.7 | 5.3 | 0.0 – 28.5 | 0.010 |
| Physical activity level | 1.7 | 1.5 – 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 – 1.9 | 0.066 |
| Current or ex-smokers (n, %) | 29 | 25.7 | 33 | 67.3 | < 0.001 |
| Household income ≥ 1500 €/month (n, %) | 62 | 54.9 | 39 | 79.6 | 0.004 |
| Osteoporosis diagnosis/current medication (n, %) | 48 | 42.5 | 4 | 8.2 | < 0.001 |
a)Data are presented as median, 5th and 95th percentiles for continuous variables and absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables.
b)Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test for analysing sex differences.
c)To convert nmol/L in μg/L, divide by 2.496.