Table 4.
Abdominal-only obesity by place of residence, physiological, and socio-economic factors among 35- to 70-year-old Tunisian women (complete-case analysis n = 2,633), multinomial logit regression
| AO: abdominal-only obesity (WC ≥ 88 cm & BMI < 30 kg/m2)a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjustedb | |||||
| n | %c | RPRd | C.I.e | RPRd | C.I.e | |
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Area | P = 0.33 | P = 0.21 | ||||
| Rural | 1184 | 27.0% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Urban | 1449 | 24.6% | 0.9 | 0.7-1.1 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.1 |
| Region | P = 0.0004 | P < 0.0001 | ||||
| South-West | 366 | 16.6% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Center-West | 433 | 19.2% | 1.1 | 0.7-1.8 | 1.0 | 0.6-1.7 |
| North-West | 440 | 20.5% | 1.3 | 0.8-1.9 | 1.2 | 0.8-2.0 |
| South-East | 384 | 34.1% | 2.5 | 1.6-3.9 | 2.6 | 1.6-4.1 |
| Center-East | 366 | 25.0% | 1.6 | 1.0-2.5 | 1.7 | 1.1-2.7 |
| North-East | 326 | 30.0% | 2.0 | 1.3-3.2 | 2.3 | 1.5-3.6 |
| Greater Tunis | 318 | 28.1% | 1.8 | 1.2-2.8 | 2.5 | 1.5-4.0 |
| Physiological factors | ||||||
| Age | P = 0.0017 | P = 0.88 | ||||
| 35-44 y. | 886 | 21.7% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 45-54 y. | 937 | 25.3% | 1.2 | 0.9-1.6 | 1.0 | 0.7-1.4 |
| 55-70 y. | 810 | 31.0% | 1.6 | 1.2-2.1 | 1.1 | 0.7-1.6 |
| Menopause | P = 0.0004 | P = 0.093 | ||||
| No | 1242 | 21.8% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Yes | 1391 | 29.4% | 1.5 | 1.2-1.8 | 1.3 | 0.8-1.5 |
| Parity | P = 0.0023 | P = 0.061 | ||||
| 1st tertile (0-3) | 772 | 22.0% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 2nd tertile (4-5) | 819 | 24.1% | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 |
| 3rd tertile (6+) | 1042 | 30.7% | 1.6 | 1.2-2.0 | 1.4 | 1.0-2.0 |
| Socio-economic position | ||||||
| Marital status | P = 0.46 | P = 0.79 | ||||
| Other | 443 | 27.3% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Married | 2190 | 25.0% | 0.9 | 0.7-1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.6 |
| Education | P = 0.13 | P = 0.97 | ||||
| No formal schooling | 1550 | 27.7% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Primary school | 769 | 24.0% | 0.8 | 0.6-1.1 | 1.0 | 0.7-1.3 |
| Secondary or more | 314 | 21.3% | 0.7 | 0.5-1.0 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.6 |
| Professional activity | P = 0.0095 | P = 0.038 | ||||
| Not working/Retired | 2142 | 27.1% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Employee/worker | 376 | 18.4% | 0.6 | 0.4-0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4-0.9 |
| Upper/Intermediate | 115 | 22.0% | 0.7 | 0.4-1.3 | 1.0 | 0.5-1.7 |
| Household welfare index f | P = 0.67 | P = 0.94 | ||||
| 1st quintile | 710 | 25.5% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 2nd quintile | 657 | 27.6% | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 |
| 3rd quintile | 568 | 25.9% | 1.0 | 0.8-1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7-1.4 |
| 4th quintile | 385 | 25.1% | 1.0 | 0.7-1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6-1.4 |
| 5th quintile | 313 | 22.5% | 0.9 | 0.6-1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.5 |
aVs. being a concordant subject (i.e., both abdominal and overall obese or neither abdominal nor overall obese). Results for the second response variable category (OO, overall-only obesity: WC <88 cm & BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) are not presented owing to the small overall proportion of OO subjects (1.6%).
bAssociation of response variable with each place of residence, physiological, or socio-economic variable adjusted for all other variables in column 1.
cPrevalence proportion (weighted estimates).
dRPR: for category of cofactor vs. reference category (for which RPR = 1), crude or adjusted Relative Prevalence Ratio of being AO, i.e., having abdominal-only obesity vs. being a concordant subject (i.e., both abdominal and overall obese or neither abdominal nor overall obese).
e0.95 confidence interval taking into account sampling design.
fIncreasing household welfare level from 1st to 5th quintile.