Table 1. General characteristics of lung cancer cases and controls.
| Variables | Cases | Controls | P-value or OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 66.2 ± 9.8 | 64.4 ± 9.9 | 0.011 |
| Gender, N (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Male | 324 (77.9) | 324 (77.9) | |
| Female | 92 (22.1) | 92 (22.1) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 22.3 ± 3.4 | 23.7 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | |||
| Non-smokers | 72 (17.3) | 157 (37.7) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Ex-smokers | 185 (44.5) | 142 (34.1) | 5.14 (3.19, 8.28) a |
| Current smokers | 159 (38.2) | 117 (28.1) | 5.60 (3.45, 9.09) a |
| Cumulative smoking amounts, pack-years, mean ± SD | 39.1 ± 29.1 | 19.9 ± 23.6 | <0.001 |
| Cumulative smoking amounts, N (%) | |||
| 0 pack-years (Non-smokers) | 72 (17.3) | 157 (38.1) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| <30 pack-years | 81 (19.5) | 127 (30.8) | 2.84 (1.73, 4.68) a |
| ≥30 pack-years | 263 (63.2) | 128 (31.1) | 11.34 (6.80, 18.90) a |
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) | |||
| Non-drinker | 185 (44.6) | 167 (40.6) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Drinker | 230 (55.4) | 244 (59.4) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) b |
| 8-OHdG, μg/g creatinine, GM (95% CI) | 5.06 (4.55, 5.62) | 4.81 (4.43, 5.22) | 0.457 |
| TBARS, μmol/g creatinine, GM (95% CI) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92) | 0.486 |
TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; GM: geometric mean; CI: confidence intervals.
aAdjusted for age and sex.
bAdjusted for age, sex and smoking status.
cIndividuals who have work experience in occupations related lung cancer risk, such as petrochemicals, construction, mining, asbestos or rockwool production, welding, electrical manufacture, plastic or rubber manufacture, smelting, and asphalt.
dReference category is all other occupations.