Table 6.
Risk for AUD in Offspring of Stepparents (n=107 696) and Adoptive Parents as a Function of Disorders and Traits of the Step/Adoptive Parents and Biological Parentsa
| Variable | Families, Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adoptive | Stepparent | |||
| Univariate Analyses | Multivariate Analyses | Univariate Analyses | Multivariate Analyses | |
| Biological Parents | ||||
| AUD | 1.46 (1.29–1.66) | 1.38 (1.20–1.59) | 2.16 (2.07–2.26) | 1.72 (1.63–1.81) |
| Drug abuse | 1.23 (1.01–1.51) | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | 2.21 (2.08–2.35) | 1.48 (1.39–1.59) |
| Psychiatric disease | 1.18 (1.04–1.34) | 1.08 (0.94–1.22) | 1.33 (1.27–1.40) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) |
| Convictions | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.77 (1.69–1.86) | 1.39 (1.32–1.47) |
| Adoptive or Stepparents | ||||
| AUD | 1.40 (1.09–1.80) | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) | 1.28 (1.18–1.39) | 1.11 (1.02–1.21) |
| Drug abuse | 1.53 (0.99–2.36) | 1.41 (0.91–2.20) | 1.44 (1.21–1.72) | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) |
| Psychiatric disease | 0.97 (0.72–1.29) | 0.88 (0.66–1.19) | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 1.05 (0.98–1.14) |
| Convictions | 1.25 (1.07–1.47) | 1.18 (1.01–1.39) | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) |
Abbreviation: AUD, alcohol use disorder.
a
For the offspring of adoptive and stepparent families, we present in italics results for the biological parent who had no contact with them after early childhood in the adoptive families but reared them in the stepparent families. The multivariate analyses include results for both the biological and adoptive parents or stepparents, thus controlling for any effects of assortative mating.
b
Odds ratios in bold are statistically significant.