Table 1.
Total maternal, paternal, and overall care (s) by early rearing group and by sex; mean (SE)
| High contact offspring | Low contact offspring | |
|---|---|---|
| Total parental care | 1346.04 (24.44)*** | 1167.62 (35.64) |
| Total maternal care | 878.62 (34.28) | 885.96 (38.81) |
| Huddling | 325.05 (41.67) | 480.43 (52.85)** |
| Non-huddling contact | 4.23 (1.49) | 4.66 (1.15) |
| Licking/grooming | 18.21 (2.63) | 18.66 (3.54) |
| Retrievals | 4.36 (0.85) | 11.69 (3.31)** |
| Nest building | 6.08 (2.70) | 24.46 (8.00)^ |
| Active nursing | 44.59 (8.48) | 40.46 (9.10) |
| Lateral nursing | 73.67 (19.26) | 86.66 (30.03) |
| Neutral nursing | 350.05 (46.15)** | 244.83 (28.90) |
| Total paternal care | 412.42 (32.38)*** | 206.74 (30.36) |
| Huddling | 235.15 (44.08)** | 83.63 (25.60) |
| Non-huddling contact | 209.67 (26.19)*** | 92.94 (18.95) |
| Licking/grooming | 9.31 (2.37) | 8.46 (2.51) |
| Retrievals | 1.83 (1.22) | 9.09 (3.58)* |
| Nest building | 2.74 (0.81) | 8.89 (3.31)** |
| Male offspring | Female offspring | |
| Total parental care | 1230.01 (33.91) | 1293.28 (29.05) |
| Total maternal care | 820.35 (37.99) | 941.31 (33.45) |
| Total paternal care | 333.49 (35.05) | 298.97 (32.46) |
***
adjusted p < 0.001
**
adjusted p < 0.01
*
adjusted p < 0.05
^
adjusted p = 0.05