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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013 Oct 29;113:165–173. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.014

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Fear Acquisition. (A) For groups with a Keypad, participants displayed significant discrimination between the reinforced CS+'s and the CS–. CS HAB = CS habituation phase. For each trial, participant responses were coded as “+1” if they expected the airblast on the trial, coded “0” if they were uncertain, and coded “–1” if they did not expect an airblast. (B) Participants with and without a Keypad showed robust fear-potentiated startle to the CS+a and CS+b with an enhanced degree of fear-potentiated startle to both the CS+a, and CS+b in those who used a Keypad. (C) Fear-potentiated startle calculated as a Difference Score between the CS+'s and NA examined during the last block of Acquisition was significantly higher for the CS+a compared to the CS–, with no interaction effects with either Retrieval group or Keypad group. **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, p < 0.05; Difference Score = [startle magnitude in the presence of a CS] – [startle magnitude in response to noise alone (NA)].