Table 2.

Suggestions for bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw applications in different diseases.

Disease	Augmentation approach
Lumbar spondylolisthesis	1) all screws use CICPS augmentation;
	2) intervertebral fusion
Lumbar disc herniation/lumbar spinal stenosis	1) CICPS augmentation on one side, a conventional screw used on the other side;
	2) intervertebral fusion
Vertebral fracture	1) fixation at the adjacent vertebral bodies, but no screw implanted in the fractured vertebral body;
	2) PVP/PKP performed on the fractured vertebral body;
	3) CICPS augmentation on one side and a conventional screw on the other side;
	4) no intervertebral fusion
Ankylosing Spondylitis	1) partial osteotomy for the key vertebra;
	2) four screws at the top and bottom using CICPS augmentation;
	3) no intervertebral fusion

PVP: percutaneous vertebroplasty.

PKP: percutaneous kyphoplasty.