Table 4.
Neuropsychological exam results (mean ± SEM)
| Control (CN) |
Cognitive training (CT) |
P-value |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | Linear | Quad | |
| Strategic reasoning | ||||||||
| TOSL (rs) | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 0.002 | 0.07 |
| Executive function | ||||||||
| WAIS-III similarities (ss) | 13.1 ± 0.6 | 13.2 ± 0.5 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 12.9 ± 0.6 | 13.9 ± 0.5 | 14.9 ± 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.71 |
| Daneman Carpenter (rs) | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 0.81 | 0.32 |
| Trails B–Trails A (rs) | 28.5 ± 3.6 | 27.3 ± 4.0 | 31.2 ± 3.3 | 29.9 ± 3.7 | 29.8 ± 4.2 | 27.4 ± 3.4 | 0.42 | 0.66 |
| Memory | ||||||||
| CVLT trial 1 (rs) | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 0.12 | 0.39 |
| Complex attention | ||||||||
| DKEFS Color cond3 (ss) | 17.4 ± 0.7 | 14.6 ± 0.6 | 15.3 ± 0.8 | 16.1 ± 0.7 | 15.7 ± 0.6 | 14.7 ± 0.8 | 0.34 | 0.50 |
| Backward digit span (ss) | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 0.43 | 0.27 |
Notes: TOSL, Test of Strategic Learning; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; DKEFS, Delis Kaplan Executive Function System; ss, standard score; rs, raw score.