Table 5.
Dependent Variable: log(One-Year Spending) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Average log(Hospital Spending) | 0.594 | 0.569 | 0.624 | 0.623 |
(0.111)** | (0.112)** | (0.115)** | (0.114)** | |
Observations | 351,701 | 351,701 | 351,701 | 351,701 |
Outcome Mean | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 |
Diagnosis Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Demographic Controls | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Ambulance Controls | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Comorbidity Controls | No | No | No | Yes |
ZIP Code Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Note: Estimates reported for Equation (2) in the text. All models include ZIP code and year fixed effects. Patient controls include indicators for year of age, race, sex, miles from the ZIP code centroid, and comorbidities. Ambulance controls are listed in Table 1. Standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the HSA level.
significant at 5%;
significant at 1%
Source: 2002–2010 Medicare Part A Claims Data