Table 2.
Baseline Regional Characteristics by Quartile of ICU Bed Growth between 2000 and 2009
| Negative Growth (n = 79) | Unchanged or Moderate Growth (n = 152) | High Growth (n = 75) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (thousands) | ||||
| 20 yr+ | 279 (184–535) | 360 (201–550) | 802 (507–1,690) | <0.001 |
| 65 yr+ | 53 (36–112) | 65 (37–102) | 152 (87–264) | <0.001 |
| Population density (persons per square mile) | ||||
| 20 yr+ | 66 (31–192) | 77 (40–218) | 106 (51–246) | 0.18 |
| 65 yr+ | 13 (6–40) | 15 (8–36) | 18 (9–44) | 0.37 |
| Hospitals and beds, n | ||||
| Hospitals | 7 (4–11) | 7 (4–12) | 13 (9–22) | <0.001 |
| Hospital beds | 934 (578–2,118) | 1,024 (640–1,710) | 2,450 (1,460–4,677) | <0.001 |
| ICU beds | 114 (71–228) | 111 (60–189) | 257 (146–525) | <0.001 |
| Hospitals and beds per capita, n* | ||||
| 20 yr+ | ||||
| Hospitals per capita | 2.2 (1.6–2.9) | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Hospital beds per capita | 340.1 (273.6–405.1) | 301.3 (243.7–362.1) | 301.4 (242.5–351.3) | 0.004 |
| ICU beds per capita | 39.2 (29.8–46.3) | 32.1 (25.0–37.6) | 32.0 (25.5–39.1) | <0.001 |
| 65 yr+ | ||||
| Hospitals per capita | 11.7 (8.8–14.9) | 10.9 (8.2–13.5) | 9.5 (7.3–12.1) | 0.002 |
| Hospital beds per capita | 1,730.1 (1,444.5–2194.6) | 1,622.6 (1,374.6–1,940.0) | 1,714.8 (1,382.4–2,033.5) | 0.30 |
| ICU beds per capita | 209.8 (158.5–255.3) | 170.6 (138.6–205.6) | 200.4 (141.1–226.5) | <0.001 |
| Average ICU occupancy | 59% (52–66) | 62% (57–69) | 65% (61–72) | 0.004 |
| Herfindahl-Hirschman Index† | 2,850 (1,735–3,923) | 2,451 (1,627–3,645) | 1,563 (827–2,599) | <0.001 |
Definition of abbreviation: ICU = intensive care unit.
Values are median (interquartile range).
*
Per 100,000 population.
†
Measure of market competition ranging from 0 to 10,000, where lower numbers indicate more competition between hospitals within regions and higher numbers indicate less competition.