Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Mar 4;6:6228. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7228

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2015, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

ERGs (3–4-week-old) before photoreceptor loss. (a) AdipoR1^−/− had reduced ERGs. (b) AdipoR1^−/− had attenuated a-/b-waves (a,b, n=4, AdipoR1^+/+, n=6, AdipoR1^−/−). (c) Impaired AdipoR1^−/− recovery following 5-min bleaching light. Differences in AdipoR1^+/+ and ^−/− a-waves demonstrated impaired recovery trend (n=5, AdipoR1^+/+, n=6, AdipoR1^−/− mice: 4–6-week old). (d) Impaired retinoid visual cycle (3–4-month old). (Dark-adapted mice 2,000 Lux, 10 min). 11-cis-retinal, all-trans-retinyl esters and total retinoids were diminished in AdipoR1^−/− in light and darkness (n=4: both genotypes). Liver DHA is not altered in AdipoR1^−/− mice. (e,f) Total and unesterified DHA showed no differences between 12-day AdipoR1^+/+ and ^−/− (n=6 each). DHA uptake is reduced in AdipoR1^−/− mice. (g,h) Total and unesterified DHA (20-day-old AdipoR1^+/+, n=14, ^+/− n=31 and ^−/− n=7. Total DHA declined within AdipoR1^−/−; unesterified DHA declined in AdipoR1^+/− (30%) and AdipoR1^−/− (60%). AdipoR1 deficiency reduced DHA uptake. (i) AdipoR1^+/+ (n=6), ^+/− (n=20), and ^−/− (n=5) were injected ip with DHA-d5 (14 days), and retinas harvested (20 days). DHA uptake declined in AdipoR1^−/−; intermediate DHA levels occurred in AdipoR1^+/−, indicating a single allele cannot control DHA levels. (j) Eye cup cultures (n=5, all three genotypes, 20-days-old) incubated (4 h) with DHA-d5. AdipoR1 loss resulted in reduction of total DHA in AdipoR1^+/− (60%) and ^−/− (30%) retinas. AdipoR1 selectively regulates DHA retinal uptake. (k) Total arachidonic acid (AA; 28-day-old mice) was similar in AdipoR1^+/+ and ^−/−, while AdipoR1^−/− DHA was decreased (75%). PC-associated VLC-PUFAs were reduced in AdipoR1^−/−, with almost complete loss of total and unesterified 32:6 and 34:6 (l,m). (AdipoR1^+/+, n=17; AdipoR1^+/−, n=17; AdipoR1^−/−, n=11). ARPE-19 cells incubated with DHA-d5 (100 nM) showed (n) media DHA-d5 decreased (50%), indicating DHA uptake, unesterified DHA declined (o) and DHA esterification increased (p), indicating DHA phospholipid incorporation. ARPE-19 cells incubated with DHA-d5 (240 min) and AdipoR1 overexpression enhanced DHA uptake and esterification; silencing decreased uptake and incorporation (q). (See AdipoR1 protein levels: Supplementary Fig. 1.) (n–q, statistical bars are s.e.m. of three for each condition. Experiments conducted three times. In all analyses, error bars represent s.e.m., and *P<0.05: t-test. NS=nonsignificant P value.)