Table 3.

The Collective Genetic Contribution of 403 SNPs to Serious Delinquency and Violence under High/Moderate-Social-Control

	Serious Delinquency				Violence
	HMSC		LSC		HMSC		LSC
	Collective Genetic Contribution (1)	Number of Persons (2)	Collective Genetic Contribution (3)	Number of Persons (4)	Collective Genetic Contribution (5)	Number of Persons (6)	Collective Genetic Contribution (7)	Number of Persons (8)
Parenting Factors
Parental attachment	.002	1214	.010***	407	.004	1216	.051***	407
Parental supervision	.007	1234	.020***	367	.009	1235	.069***	369
School Factors
School attachment	.000	1118	.031***	558	.000	1120	.041***	558
School discipline	.001	777	.053***	436	.005	779	.089***	437
Neighborhood Factors
Education	.014	954	.019	468	.022	954	.021	470
Income	.005	943	.082***	477	.004	944	.068***	478
Unemployment	.003	925	.036***	477	.007	926	.035***	478
Single pare. rate	.003	925	.010***	482	.008	926	.004	483

(HMSC) and Low-Social-Control (LSC) Conditions

Note: For parenting factors, the collective genetic contribution is estimated by mixed linear models after controlling for bio-ancestry scores, gender, age, and age²; for school factors, we control for bio-ancestry scores, gender, age, age², parents’ education, family structure, PVT score, and region; for neighborhood factors, we control for bio-ancestry scores, gender, age, age², parents’ education, family structure, and region.

^*p≤ .05;

^**p≤ .01;

^***p≤ .001 (Kolmogrov-Smirnov test of whether the distribution of values in column 3 is greater than that in column 1, and that in column 7 is greater than that in column 5).