Table 1.

Biomarker profiles in the Mississippi child, Boston patients, and Berlin patient during HIV remission

	Mississippi child [2■■,3]	Boston patients [4]		Berlin patient [5■■]
		Patient A	Patient B
Plasma HIV RNA	<2 copies/ml	<20 copies/ml	<0.4 copies/ml	Intermittent detectiona
Replication-competent HIV	<0.05 IU/106 cells	<0.007 IU/106 cells	<0.006 IU/106 cells	<1 IU/107–9 cells
Peripheral blood cells
PBMC	4.2 c/106 cells	<0.12 c/106 cells	<0.13 c/106 cells	Undetectable HIV RNA and DNA
Total CD4+ T cells	NA	NA	NA	Undetectable HIV RNA and DNA
Resting CD4+ T cells	<2.5 c/106 cells	NA	NA	NA
Activated CD4+ T cells	<2.6 c/106 cells	NA	NA	NA
Myeloid-derived cells	<11.5 c/106 cells	NA	NA	NA
HIV-specific T cell responses	Undetectable HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to gag and nef peptides	No PBMC activation to nef or gag peptides	No PBMC activation to nef or gag peptides	Low levels to gag peptides
HIV-specific antibodies	Undetectable	Decreased to low concentration	Decreased to low concentration	Low concentration and declining
Cerebrospinal fluid	NA	(<20 copies HIV RNA/ml)	NA	<0.1 copy HIV DNA/ml
Lymph node biopsy	NA	NA	NA	Undetectable HIV RNA and DNA
Rectal biopsy	NA	NA	<2.4 c/106 cells	Intermittent detection with <1 c/106 cells overall
Ileal biopsy	NA	NA	NA	<1 c/106 cells
Duration of remission	27 months	84 days	225 days	Undefined

Values represent most recent published data in the potential cure case of the Berlin patient and prior to virologic rebound for the Mississippi child and Boston patients.

c/10⁶, copies HIV DNA per million cells; c/ml, copies HIV DNA per milliliter of blood; IU/10⁶, infectious units per million cells; NA, sample not collected.

^aThe intermittent detection of low level viremia in the Berlin patient was in a large volume of blood (17–24 ml) and detected in 1/24 replicates (70 copies/ml) and 2/6 replicates (4 to 5 copies/ml).