Table 2.
Psychological tests and fMRI task performances
| Parameter | TD ( n = 21) | ARND ( n = 22) | ADHD ( n = 19) | Significance a | Post hoc tests b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std dev | Mean | Std dev | Mean | Std dev | |||
| Cognitive/inattention scores | 49.0 | 5.2 | 71.9 | 11.6 | 65.7 | 11.3 | F = 30.166, p < 0.001 | TD < ARND, p < 0.001 |
| TD < ADHD, p < 0.001 | ||||||||
| DSM-IV inattention scores | 49.4 | 5.2 | 71.7 | 12.4 | 65.8 | 10.9 | F = 27.809, p < 0.001 | TD < ARND, p < 0.001 |
| TD < ADHD, p < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Errors of omission (OM) | 45.4 | 5.2 | 59.3 | 13.9 | 48.3 | 7.4 | F = 11.723, p < 0.001 | ARND > TD, p = 0.001 |
| ARND > ADHD, p = 0.012 | ||||||||
| Disjunction accuracy (%) | 94.6 | 6.0 | 86.0 | 11.4 | 93.4 | 5.4 | F = 6.876, p = 0.002 | ARND < TD, p = 0.011 |
| ARND < ADHD, p = 0.030 | ||||||||
| Conjunction accuracy (%) | 91.7 | 7.6 | 71.0 | 13.9 | 84.3 | 10.9 | F = 18.867, p < 0.001 | ARND < TD, p < 0.001 |
| ARND < ADHD, p = 0.004 | ||||||||
| Conjunction errors (%) | 5.2 | 6.8 | 18.3 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 8.9 | F = 12.083, p < 0.001 | ARND > TD, p < 0.001 |
| ARND > ADHD, p = 0.013 | ||||||||
| Conjunction non-response (%) | 3.1 | 3.0 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 8.0 | 8.9 | F = 4.597, p = 0.014 | |
| Disjunction response time (ms) | 729.3 | 184.2 | 819.9 | 184.0 | 804.0 | 161.3 | F = 1.569, p = 0.217 | |
| Conjunction response time (ms) | 799.0 | 178.1 | 883.0 | 186.0 | 854.5 | 187.3 | F = 1.153, p = 0.323 | |
| Disjunction response variability (ms) | 135.8 | 77.9 | 220.3 | 116.0 | 250.0 | 130.7 | F = 5.933, p = 0.004 | ARND < ADHD, p = 0.021 |
| ADHD > TD, p = 0.007 | ||||||||
| Conjunction response variability (ms) | 172.0 | 67.1 | 248.1 | 87.3 | 251.5 | 144.8 | F = 3.943, p = 0.025 | |
aBonferroni-corrected p value for multiple comparisons = 0.005; bGames-Howell test.