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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2014 Aug 15;90(3):891–926. doi: 10.1111/brv.12137

Table 1.

Torpor characteristics in birds and mammals. T: type - daily torpor (DT) or hibernation (HIB); BM: body mass (kg); Tbmin: minimum body temperature in torpor (°C); TMRmin: Minimum torpor metabolic rate (mL O2 g−1 h−1); TMRrei: Relative metabolic rate in torpor (TMRmin as % of BMR); TBDmax: Maximum torpor bout duration(h); TBD Ø: Mean torpor bout duration(h); IBE: Duration of inter-bout euthermia (h)1; LAT: Latitude of mid species range (>0: °N, <0: °S).

Taxon T BM Tb min TMR min TMR rel TBD max TBD ø IBE LAT Source
AVES
Coraciiformes
Dacelo novaeguineae DT 0.35 28.6 11.1 9.3 −25 Cooper et al. (2008)
Todus mexicanus DT 0.0062 22.4 2 62 18 Merola-Zwartjes and Ligon (2000)
Coliiformes
Colius castanotus DT 0.058 18 0.49 21 11 −10 Prinzinger et al. (1981); Hoffmann and Prinzinger (1984)
Colius colius DT 0.035 26 −27 McKechnie and Lovegrove (2001b)
Colius striatus DT 0.051 18.2 0.11 13 10 −4 Hoffmann and Prinzinger (1984); McKechnie and Lovegrove (2001a)
Urocolius indicus DT 0.053 0.68 28 10 −23 Hoffmann and Prinzinger (1984)
Urocolius macrourus DT 0.049 22 0.65 24 11 3 Hoffmann and Prinzinger (1984); Schaub et al. (1999)
Apodiformes
Aeronautes saxatalis DT 0.0305 20 10 23 Bartholomew et al. (1957)
Apus apus DT 0.042 28 0.4 5 50 Koskimies (1948)
Hirundapus caudacutus DT 0.085 28 10 −25 Pettigrew and Wilson (1985)
Trochiliformes
Amazilia versicolor DT 0.0039 21.8 10.4 6.3 −8 Bech et al. (1997)
Archilochus alexandri DT 0.0032 13.5 0.2 5.7 35 Lasiewski (1963); Lasiewski (1964)
Calypte anna DT 0.0034 16 0.17 4.4 39 Lasiewski (1963)
Calypte costae DT 0.0032 9 0.38 12.7 37 Lasiewski (1963); Lasiewski (1964)
Chrysuronia oenone DT 0.005 18 2.05 −4 Krüger et al. (1982)
Clytolaema rubricauda DT 0.0077 18 0.5 16 −22 Bech et al. (2006)
Eugenes fulgens DT 0.008 10 0.5 27 Wolf and Hainsworth (1972)
Eulampis jugularis DT 0.008 18 1 33 15 Hainsworth and Wolf (1970)
Eupetomena macroura DT 0.0085 22 9 5.8 −15 Bech et al. (1997)
Lampornis clemenciae DT 0.008 19.6 0.45 17 25 Krüger et al. (1982)
Melanotrochilus fuscus DT 0.0069 22 11.2 9.6 −26 Bech et al. (1997)
Oreotrochilus estella DT 0.0085 6.5 0.75 10 −17 Carpenter (1974); Krüger et al. (1982)
Orthorhynchus cristatus DT 0.0029 20.8 1.25 20 16 Krüger et al. (1982)
Panterpe insignis DT 0.005 10 0.5 9 Wolf and Hainsworth (1972)
Selasphorus platycercus DT 0.0035 6.5 0.54 37 Calder and Booser (1973); Bucher and Chappell (1992)
Selasphorus rufus DT 0.0033 13 0.43 12.8 10 5 48 Lasiewski (1963); Hiebert (1990); Hiebert (1993)
Selasphorus sasin DT 0.003 23 1.24 32.6 38 Lasiewski (1963)
Strigiformes
Otus senegalensis DT 0.061 29 5 2.8 −2 Smit and McKechnie (2010)
Caprimulgiformes
Aegotheles cristatus DT 0.05 22.4 10.7 3 −25 Brigham et al. (2000); Doucette et al. (2012)
Caprimulgus europaeus DT 0.07 14 16 3 −7 Peiponen (1965); Schlegel (1969)
Caprimulgus guttatus (argus) DT 0.075 29.6 0.4 48 −28 Dawson and Fisher (1969)
Caprimulgus tristigma DT 0.073 10.5 15 6.4 −11 Smit et al. (2011); McKechnie and Mzilikazi (2011)
Caprimulgus vociferus DT 0.055 18.5 34 Lane et al. (2004)
Chordeiles acutipennis DT 0.05 15.7 33 Marshall (1955)
Chordeiles minor DT 0.073 18 43 Lasiewski and Dawson (1964)
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii HIB 0.035 3 0.05 6 120 35 Withers (1977); Brigham (1992); Woods and Brigham (2004)
Podargus strigoides DT 0.5 29.1 11 7 −25 Körtner et al. (2000); Körtner et al. (2001)
Columbiformes
Drepanoptila holosericea DT 0.2 24.8 0.27 38 10 7 21 Schleucher (2001)
Scardafella inca DT 0.044 29 1 66 10 23 MacMillen and Trost (1967)
Passeriformes
Artamus cyanopterus DT 0.035 29 12 −30 Maddocks and Geiser (2007)
Delichon urbicum DT 0.022 26 0.75 59 12 50 Prinzinger and Siedle (1986); Prinzinger and Siedle (1988)
Nectarinia famosa DT 0.017 25.4 10 −12 Downs and Brown (2002)
Manacus vitellinus DT 0.0155 26.8 1.8 66 3.5 5 Bartholomew et al. (1983)
MAMMALIA
Monotremata
Tachyglossus aculeatus HIB 2.8 4 0.03 20 648 271 25 −22.26 Augee and Ealey (1968); Grigg et al. (1989); Nicol and Andersen (2002)
Placentalia Rodentia
Acomys russatus DT 0.064 25 0.25 38 10 7.5 22.84 Ehrhardt et al. (2005); Levy et al. (2011)
Aethomys namaquenesis DT 0.046 18.9 −23.16 Withers et al. (1980)
Allactaga euphratica HIB 0.09 336 96 33 Çolak and Yiğit (1998)
Allactaga williamsi HIB 0.15 144 96 39 Çolak and Yiğit (1998)
Apodemus peninsulae DT 0.026 20 6.5 2.1 48.26 Masaki et al. (2005)
Baiomys taylori DT 0.0064 22 0.5 26 20 10 26.19 Hudson (1965)
Calomys musculinus DT 0.017 0.52 32 16 13 −31.61 Bozinovic and Rosenmann (1988)
Calomys venustus DT 0.05 16.4 0.96 67 8 7 −37 Caviedes-Vidal et al. (1990)
Cricetus cricetus HIB 0.4 3.6 0.032 4 160 87 51.6 Eisentraut (1933); Kayser (1964); Waßmer and Wollnik (1997); Siutz et al. (2012); Siutz C. pers. comm.
Cynomys leucurus HIB 1.5 8 199 121 41.59 Bakko and Nahornia (1986)
Cynomys ludovicianus HIB 1 15 214 141 39.25 Lehmer et al. (2001)
Cynomys parvidens HIB 0.8 6 418 252 38.49 Lehmer and Biggins (2005)
Eliomys quercinus HIB 0.07 1 0.034 3 480 336 12 42.91 Kayser (1964); Pajunen (1984)
Fukomys damarensis DT 0.145 28.5 −18.37 Streicher (2010)
Gerbillus pusillus DT 0.0126 16.7 0.38 43 20 9 0.57 Buffenstein (1985)
Glirulus japonicus HIB 0.025 380 254 34.25 Otsu and Kimura (1993)
Glis glis HIB 0.2 1 0.026 3 977 222 6.7 45.93 Wyss (1932); Kayser (1939); Kayser (1961); Pengelley and Fisher (1961); Bieber and Ruf (2009); Bieber & Ruf unpublished
Graphiurus murinus HIB 0.028 1.5 192 33 −10.12 Mzilikazi et al. (2012)
Graphiurus ocularis HIB 0.068 312 176 16 −30.24 Perrin and Ridgard (1999)
Ictidomys tridecemlineatus HIB 0.14 1.5 456 336 14.4 41.11 Kisser and Goodwin (2012)
Jaculus orientalis HIB 0.17 10 158 77 24 29.53 El Ouezzani et al. (2011)
Marmota broweri HIB 3.094 480 334 18.4 68.5 Lee et al. (2009)
Marmota flaviventris HIB 2.5 7.5 0.022 9 360 206 15 42.67 Florant and Heller (1977); Florant et al. (2000); French (1985)
Marmota marmota HIB 3.1 2.4 0.013 4 353 280 27.8 46.15 Arnold (1993); Ortmann and Heldmaier (2000); Ruf and Arnold (2000); Arnold et al. (2011); Ruf & Arnold unpublished.
Marmota monax HIB 3.4 5 0.014 5 185 364 28.3 48.68 Lyman (1958); Armitage et al. (2000); Zervanos et al. (2010)
Mesocricetus auratus HIB 0.09 4 0.07 6 264 90 36.76 Lyman (1948); Pohl (1961)
Mesocricetus brandti HIB 0.15 144 108 38.08 Goldman (1989)
Microdipodops pallidus HIB 0.012 6 0.1 4.8 84 48 8.2 38.57 Brown and Bartholomew (1969) Bartholomew and MacMillen (1961)
Mus musculus DT 0.037 16 0.7 47 11 5.9 50 Hudson and Scott (1979)
Muscardinus avellanarius HIB 0.0235 0 0.04 2 624 218 6 47.96 Kayser (1939); Kayser (1964); Eisentraut (1956); Prezlaff and Dausmann (2012)
Perognathus californicus DT 0.021 15 0.15 15 15.4 11.1 31.11 Tucker (1962); Tucker (1965)
Perognathus fasciatus DT 0.04 11 0.15 12 17 9.7 44.7 Wang and Hudson (1970)
Perognathus longimembris HIB 0.008 4 112 35.77 Bartholomew and Cade (1957); French (1977)
Perognathus parvus HIB 0.024 2 0.05 3 192 120 43.39 MacMillen (1983)
Peromyscus boylii DT 0.033 18 8.8 4.3 32.94 Morhardt (1970)
Peromyscus crinitus DT 0.02 17 9.5 4.6 36.88 Morhardt (1970)
Peromyscus eremicus DT 0.017 16 0.3 19 11.2 6.3 29 Macmillen (1965); Morhardt (1970)
Peromyscus gossypinus DT 0.022 14 4.9 31.36 Tannenbaum and Pivorun (1984)
Peromyscus leucopus DT 0.02 16.8 0.47 28 13 4.6 33.49 Hill (1975); Deavers and Hudson (1981); Tannenbaum and Pivorun (1988)
Peromyscus maniculatus DT 0.018 13.4 0.55 28 10.8 7.3 40.92 McNab and Morrison (1963); Morhardt (1970); Geiser (1991)
Petromyscus collinus DT 0.019 18 −24.17 Withers et al. (1980)
Phodopus sungorus DT 0.025 12.3 0.88 46 13.8 6.3 50.89 Ruf et al. (1993); T. Ruf unpublished data
Phyllotis darwini DT 0.036 17.5 0.19 15 12 −30.74 Bozinovic and Marquet (1991)
Reithrodontomys megalotis DT 0.008 13 0.3 12 10 4 33.28 Thompson (1985)
Saccostomus campestris DT 0.071 25 0.35 56 2.7 6.8 −19.68 Mzilikazi and Lovegrove (2002)
Spermophilus armatus HIB 0.5 576 302 9.5 42.02 Cranford (1986)
Spermophilus beecheyi HIB 0.6 6.1 72 48 38.32 Strumwasser (1960); Pengelley and Kelley (1966)
Spermophilus beldingi HIB 0.4 400 9 41.29 French (1985)
Spermophilus citellus HIB 0.25 −0.7 415 192 14 45.52 Németh et al. (2009)
Spermophilus columbianus HIB 0.5 0 424 600 12 49.15 Young (1990)
Spermophilus dauricus HIB 0.35 −2.4 377 260 12.75 43.33 Yang et al. (2011)
Spermophilus elegans HIB 0.3 450 338 24 43.96 Harlow and Menkens (1986)
Spermophilus lateralis HIB 0.2 −1 0.028 4 504 408 13.5 44.51 Hammel et al. (1968); Healy et al. (2012)
Spermophilus mexicanus HIB 0.2 7 0.06 7 60 36 26.39 Neumann and Cade (1965)
Spermophilus parryii HIB 0.65 −2.9 0.012 2 550 420 14.8 63.39 Hock (1960); Barnes (1989); Barnes and Ritter (1993); Buck and Barnes (2000); Karpovich et al. (2009)
Spermophilus richardsonii HIB 0.4 2 0.02 4 456 10.3 49.39 Hudson and Deavers (1973); Wang (1978)
Spermophilus saturatus HIB 0.23 0.3 0.017 4 360 254 47.94 Geiser et al. (1990)
Spermophilus tereticaudus HIB 0.125 0.048 7 120 32.04 Pengelley and Kelley (1966); Bickler (1984)
Spermophilus variegatus HIB 0.7 8 172 110 29.99 Pengelley (1964); Pengelley and Kelley (1966)
Spermophilus xanthoprymnus HIB 0.3 4 468 199 38.76 Kart Gür et al. (2009)
Steatomys pratensis DT 0.028 16.4 0.3 22 16.9 21.5 −20 Ellison (1995)
Tamias amoenus HIB 0.054 −0.2 0.026 2 312 211 45.07 Kenagy and Vleck (1982); Geiser et al. (1990)
Tamias striatus HIB 0.087 4.9 0.06 6 150 120 18 40.78 Wang and Hudson (1971); Pivorun (1976); Levesque and Tattersall (2010)
Zapus hudsonius HIB 0.0226 0.043 3 451 48.34 Muchlinski and Rybak (1978)
Zapus princeps HIB 0.0336 5.5 0.024 2 650 480 5 47.4 Cranford (1983); French (1985)
Primates
Cheirogaleus crossleyi HIB 0.5 9 168 111 10.2 −18.72 Blanco and Rahalinarivo (2010)
Cheirogaleus medius HIB 0.25 9.3 0.044 8.3 1680 160 6 −19.03 Dausmann et al. (2000); Dausmann et al. (2004); Dausmann et al. (2005); Dausmann et al. (2009)
Galago moholi DT 0.18 21.8 0.09 10 6.5 5 −13.46 Nowack et al. (2010)
Microcebus griseorufus HIB 0.05 6.5 1848 43.1 −22.94 Dausmann et al. (2012); Kobbe et al. (2011)
Microcebus murinus DT 0.06 7.8 0.16 19 17.6 9.3 −18.95 Perret (1998); Schmid (2000)
Microcebus myoxinus DT 0.033 6.8 0.09 4.5 19.2 4.6 −20.08 Schmid et al. (2000)
Microcebus ravelobensis DT 0.063 25 7 5 −19.32 Lovegrove et al. (2013)
Carnivora
Meles meles HIB 13 28 51 Fowler and Racey (1988)
Mephitis mephitis DT 2.88 26 20 7.8 43.15 Hwang et al. (2007)
Proteles cristata DT 9 31 −5.74 Anderson (2004)
Taxidea taxus DT 9 28 0.13 43 22 14 38.45 Harlow (1981)
Ursus americanus HIB 80 29.4 0.042 19 47.57 Watts et al. (1981); Tøien et al. (2011)
Ursus arctos HIB 100 32.5 50.76 Hissa (1997)
Chiroptera
Barbastella barbastellus HIB 0.007 0.04 2 44.28 Pohl (1961)
Carollia perspicillata DT 0.018 22 1 53 −4.14 Audet and Thomas (1997)
Chalinolobus gouldii HIB 0.018 5 0.05 3 −27.37 Hosken and Withers (1997)
Corynorhinus rafinesquii HIB 0.01 13.9 58 32.8 Johnson (2012)
Eptesicus fuscus HIB 0.0147 1 0.03 3 600 488 2 31.15 Kulzer (1965) French (1985); Willis et al. (2005a)
Glossophaga soricina DT 0.01 21 0.23 9 17.5 11.4 −2.61 Kelm and von Helversen (2007)
Hipposideros terasensis HIB 0.057 13.8 0.046 7 456 185 1.8 17.13 Liu and Karasov (2011); Liu and Karasov (2012)
Lasiurus borealis HIB 0.011 3 0.035 2 260 190 2.83 36.39 Dunbar and Tomasi (2006)
Lasiurus cinereus HIB 0.033 2 135 105 12.6 Cryan and Wolf (2003); Willis et al. (2006)
Macroglossus minimus DT 0.016 21.6 0.52 40 9.5 6.7 −1.28 Bartels et al. (1998)
Megaloglossus woermanni DT 0.012 26.2 0.8 50 −1.12 Kulzer and Storf (1980)
Miniopterus schreibersii HIB 0.015 5 288 5.87 Hall (1982); Brown and Bernard (1994)
Mops condylurus HIB 0.029 13 −5.77 Vivier and van der Merwe (2011)
Myotis adversus HIB 0.0078 9 192 4.84 Kulzer et al. (1970)
Myotis lucifugus HIB 0.0052 1.3 0.022 1 1152 314 2.4 43 Hock (1951) Jonasson and Willis (2012)
Myotis myotis HIB 0.025 2 0.04 3 2352 989 47.44 Pohl (1961); Harmata (1987); Koteja et al. (2001)
Myotis nattereri HIB 0.009 7 490 160 46.05 Hope and Jones (2012)
Myotis velifer HIB 0.012 0.6 0.04 3 27.11 Tinkle and Patterson (1965); Riedesel and Williams (1976)
Nyctalus noctula HIB 0.029 3 0.036 2 192 39.16 Ransome (1990); Arlettaz et al. (2000)
Nycteris thebaica DT 0.011 27 1.28 Cory Toussaint and McKechnie (2012)
Nyctimene albiventer DT 0.028 25.5 0.67 47 −4.02 Bartholomew et al. (1970)
Nyctophilus bifax HIB 0.01 7.3 0.046 3 129 27 3 −16.48 Stawski et al. (2009); Stawski and Geiser (2010); Stawski and Geiser (2011)
Nyctophilus geoffroyi HIB 0.007 1.4 0.037 3 362 106 3 −27.37 Geiser and Brigham (2000); Turbill and Geiser (2008)
Nyctophilus gouldi HIB 0.01 2.3 0.052 4 259 106 3 −33.54 Geiser and Brigham (2000); Turbill and Geiser (2008)
Pipistrellus pipistrellus HIB 0.0074 3 0.024 1 43.44 Kayser (1964); Kulzer (1965)
Pipistrellus subflavus HIB 0.005 1800 607 1.5 31.01 Brack and Twente (1985); French (1985)
Plecotus auritus HIB 0.01 −2 44.65 Eisentraut (1956)
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum HIB 0.023 9 432 104 4.3 38.48 Kulzer (1965); Park et al. (2000)
Rhinolophus hipposideros HIB 0.006 2064 427 31.68 Harmata (1987)
Rhinopoma microphyllum HIB 0.01 23 18.84 Kulzer (1965); Levin et al. (2010)
Scotophilus dinganii DT 0.029 18.5 19 15 −8.02 Jacobs et al. (2007)
Scotophilus mhlanganii DT 0.028 17.2 18.5 17.2 −6 Jacobs et al. (2007)
Sturnira lilium DT 0.016 22 0.5 25 −2.47 Audet and Thomas (1997)
Syconycteris australis DT 0.018 17.2 0.47 36 8.2 7.3 −16.55 Coburn and Geiser (1998)
Tadarida aegyptiaca HIB 0.017 6 228 1.12 Cory Toussaint et al. (2010)
Tadarida brasiliensis HIB 0.01 9 0.06 3 1.23 Herreid (1963); Herreid and Schmidt-Nielsen (1966)
Tadarida teniotis HIB 0.035 6.7 0.04 4 192 528 4.5 35.4 Arlettaz et al. (2000); Marom et al. (2006)
Vespadelus vulturnus HIB 0.004 5 0.014 1.3 −34.21 Willis et al. (2005b)
Eulipotyphla
Atelerix algirus HIB 0.63 9.7 168 84 16 33.74 Mouhoub-Sayah et al. (2008)
Atelerix frontalis HIB 0.4 1 116 22 12 −23.03 Hallam and Mzilikazi (2011)
Crocidura flavescens DT 0.032 19 −30.94 Baxter (1996)
Crocidura leucodon DT 0.012 18.6 42.54 Nagel (1985)
Crocidura russula DT 0.01 17.9 0.9 38 3 40.48 Nagel (1977); Nagel (1985)
Crocidura suaveolens DT 0.008 21.6 45 Nagel (1985)
Erinaceus europaeus HIB 0.7 5.4 0.01 2.5 288 213 22.1 53.78 Kristoffersson and Soivio (1964); Thati (1978)
Notiosorex crawfordi DT 0.004 27.4 1.42 43 31 Lindstedt (1980)
Sorex sinuosus DT 0.0078 1.3 28 1 31.46 Newman and Rudd (1978)
Suncus etruscus DT 0.002 12 0.6 10 7.6 2 28.2 Vogel (1974); Frey (1979); Frey (1980)
Xenarthra
Zaedyus pichiy HIB 1.1 12.5 112 75 −40.89 Superina and Boily (2007)
Afrosoricida
Amblysomus hottentotus HIB 0.075 8.6 96 78 −29.74 Scantlebury et al. (2008)
Echinops telfairi HIB 0.085 11 0.026 2 264 162 −22.58 Dryden et al. (1974); Scholl (1974)
Geogale aurita DT 0.006 16 0.15 13 −22.55 Stephenson and Racey (1993a)
Microgale dobsoni DT 0.045 20 0.22 24 −18.56 Stephenson and Racey (1993b)
Setifer setosus HIB 0.32 13 0.014 4 3600 −18.96 Kayser (1964); Hildwein (1970); Lovegrove et al. (2013)
Tenrec ecaudatus HIB 0.65 15 0.027 9 6480 −18.96 F. Lachiver cited in Kayser (1961); Kayser (1964); Hildwein (1970); Lobban and Lovegrove (2012)
Macroscelidea
Elephantulus edwardii HIB 0.045 9.3 44 17.3 −31.59 Geiser and Mzilikazi (2011)
Elephantulus myurus HIB 0.057 5.5 0.078 7 39 8.8 −23.07 Lovegrove et al. (2001); Mzilikazi and Lovegrove (2004); McKechnie and Mzilikazi (2011)
Elephantulus rozeti DT 0.045 5.1 0.023 2 20.1 13.6 32.6 Lovegrove et al. (2001)
Elephantulus rupestris DT 0.06 12 12 5 −25.59 Oelkrug et al. (2012)
Macroscelides proboscideus DT 0.046 9.4 18 10.7 −26.24 Lovegrove et al. (1999)
Marsupialia Diprodontia
Acrobates pygmaeus HIB 0.011 1.6 0.056 5 192 85 −24.91 Fleming (1985); Geiser and Ferguson (2001)
Burramys parvus HIB 0.063 1.8 0.025 2 480 342 −36.29 Geiser and Broome (1991)
Cercartetus concinnus HIB 0.018 4.7 0.046 4 264 102 −33.82 Geiser (1987)
Cercartetus lepidus HIB 0.012 5.9 0.052 3 144 −38.97 Geiser (1987)
Cercartetus nanus HIB 0.02 1.3 0.018 2.7 840 101 −35.06 Geiser (1993); Song et al. (1997); Turner et al. (2012)
Petaurus breviceps DT 0.13 10.4 0.07 9.5 23 13 −20.7 Fleming (1980); Körtner and Geiser (2000b)
Tarsipes rostratus DT 0.01 5.4 0.15 5 14.4 10.5 −31.3 Collins et al. (1987); Withers et al. (1990)
Microbiotheria
Dromiciops gliroides HIB 0.0402 7.1 0.03 3.8 144 120 −39.86 Grant and Temple-Smith (1987); Bozinovic et al. (2004); Franco et al. (2012)
Dasyuromorphia
Antechinomys laniger DT 0.027 11 0.14 13 16 11.5 −27.09 Geiser (1986)
Antechinus flavipes DT 0.026 24.5 0.48 46 5.5 2 −26.92 Geiser (1988)
Antechinus stuartii DT 0.026 19.9 0.66 62 9 4 −26.74 Geiser (1988)
Dasycercus cristica uda/blythi DT 0.1 10.8 0.12 23 20.8 5.8 −25.02 MacMillen and Nelson (1969); Geiser and Masters (1994); Kortner et al. (2008)
Dasykaluta rosamondae DT 0.027 21 16.4 12.3 −22.58 Kortner et al. (2010)
Dasyuroides byrnei DT 0.12 20.4 0.4 54 7.5 2.7 −26.08 Geiser and Baudinette (1987)
Dasyurus geoffroii DT 1 23.1 −33.17 Arnold (1976)
Dasyurus hallucatus DT 0.516 28.4 −18 Cooper and Withers (2010)
Dasyurus viverrinus DT 1 25 −41.61 Moyle in Reardon (1999)
Myrmecobius fasciatus DT 0.5 19.1 15.3 9.7 −33.82 Cooper and Withers (2004)
Ningaui yvonnae DT 0.011 15.3 0.3 23 12.3 7.5 −31.98 Geiser and Baudinette (1988)
Planigale gilesi DT 0.008 14.3 0.36 25 15.3 8.8 −29.48 Geiser and Baudinette (1988)
Planigale ingrami DT 0.0076 0.48 30 4 −18.58 Dawson and Wolfers (1978)
Planigale maculata DT 0.013 19.6 0.4 40 1.8 −21.9 Morton and Lee (1978)
Planigale tenuirostris DT 0.007 0.48 30 4 −28.53 Dawson and Wolfers (1978)
Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis DT 0.031 15.9 14.3 5.8 −22.83 Geiser and Pavey (2007)
Sminthopsis crassicaudata DT 0.017 10.8 0.27 22 19.5 15 −28.79 Geiser and Baudinette (1987); Warnecke et al. (2008)
Sminthopsis douglasi DT 0.06 16.9 0.43 40 8.8 3.2 −20.1 Muller (1996)
Sminthopsis macroura DT 0.024 11.3 0.3 29 25.9 11 −24.29 Geiser and Baudinette (1987); Kortner and Geiser (2009)
Sminthopsis murina DT 0.019 15 0.25 22 8 −27.47 Geiser et al. (1984)
Sminthopsis ooldea DT 0.0111 0.77 48 −24.7 Tomlinson et al. (2012)
Didelpimorphia
Gracilinanus agilis DT 0.0291 20 0.3 30 −18.71 Cooper et al. (2009)
Marmosa microtarsus DT 0.013 16 0.25 18 9 15.53 Morrison and McNab (1962)
Thylamys elegans DT 0.032 14 0.4 47 20 14 −30 Opazo et al. (1999); Silva-Duran and Bozinovic (1999)