Table 3.
Etiologies of SARI in children < 5 years old, by age group, in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya
| <1 year n (%) | 12-23 months n (%) | 24-59 months n (%) | All cases, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients seen | 12445 | 11838 | 21385 | 45668 |
| SARI cases | 980 (7.9%) | 718 (6.1%) | 894 (4.2%) | 2592 (5.7%) |
| Rate of SARI (per 100 PYO) | 30.4 | 16.7 | 6.7 | 12.4 |
| CFRa for SARI cases | 13 (1.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 3 (0.3%) | 18 (0.7%) |
| Blood cultures (BC) done | 270 (27.6%) | 243 (33.8%) | 349 (39.0%) | 862 (33.3%) |
| BCs without contaminant | 259 (26.4%) | 236 (32.9%) | 341 (38.1%) | 836 (32.3%) |
| S. pneumoniae b | 4 (1.5%) | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 8 (1%) |
| H. influenzae b | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| S. aureus b | 10 (3.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (0.9%) | 14 (1.7%) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae b | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-typhi Salmonella b | 7 (2.7%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (0.9%) | 13 (1.6%) |
| Salmonella Typhi | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (0.6%) | 5 (0.6%) |
| Other pathogenic bacteriab,c | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Naso/oropharyngeal swabs collected | 285 (29.1%) | 241 (33.6%) | 289 (32.3%) | 815 (31.4%) |
| Influenza A | 27 (9.4%) | 26 (10.8%) | 39 (13.5%) | 92 (11.3%) |
| Influenza B | 4 (1.4%) | 6 (2.5%) | 11 (3.8%) | 21 (2.6%) |
| Influenza A or B | 31 (10.9%) | 31 (12.9%) | 50 (17.1%) | 112 (13.7%) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 74 (25.9%) | 49 (20.3%) | 46 (15.8%) | 169 (20.7%) |
| Adenovirus | 57 (20%) | 76 (31.5%) | 108 (36.9%) | 241 (29.5%) |
| Parainfluenza virus 1 | 10 (3.5%) | 10 (4.1%) | 8 (2.7%) | 28 (3.4%) |
| Parainfluenza virus 2 | 7 (2.5%) | 7 (2.9%) | 11 (3.8%) | 25 (3.1%) |
| Parainfluenza virus 3 | 31 (10.9%) | 27 (11.2%) | 19 (6.5%) | 77 (9.4%) |
| Any Parainfluenza | 46 (16.1%) | 43 (17.8%) | 34 (11.6%) | 123 (15.0%) |
| Human metapneumovirus | 39 (13.7%) | 23 (9.5%) | 35 (11.9%) | 97 (11.9%) |
| Rhinovirus/Enterovirusd | 32/76 (42%) | 36/73 (49%) | 29/55 (53%) | 97/204 (47.5%) |
| Parechovirusd | 3/76 (4%) | 0 | 1/55 (1.8%) | 4 (2.0%) |
| Atypical bacteriae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Positive > =1 virus | 204 (71.6%) | 182 (75.5%) | 195 (66.8%) | 581 (71.0%) |
| Positive > =2 virus | 71 (24.9%) | 67 (27.8%) | 83 (28.4%) | 221 (27.0%) |
All data presented as number and percentage in parentheses rounded to the nearest integer.
aCase-fatality ratios (CFR) are defined as death in the 30 days following clinic visit for SARI episode.
bDenominator = uncontaminated blood cultures from 836 patients. Blood culture results discarded if they contained coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Bacillus species, or Corynebacteria.
cOther pathogenic bacterium was Escherichia coli.
dRhino/enterovirus, parechovirus, and atypical bacteria were only tested for from January 1, 2009 – February 28, 2010; 204 swabs were tested among persons <5 years old (76 specimens in <1 year olds, 73 on 12–23 month olds and 55 in 24–59 month olds).
epresence of atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella species) was assessed by qPCR in 76 np/op swabs.
March 1, 2007-February 28, 2011.