Table 3. Univariate analyses of variables associated with cryptococcal meningitis.
| Variables | Cases (N = 101) | Controls (N = 266) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decompensated liver cirrhosis | 8 | 4 | 6.5 (1.5–39.4) | 0.009 |
| AIDS | 42 | 3 | 118.8 (20.0–>999) | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 24 | 57 | - | - |
| CMI-suppressive therapy | 23 | 15 | - | - |
| Regimens without CAs# | 19# | 10# | 5.5 (2.3–13.9) | <0.001 |
| CA-based regimens | 4 | 5 | 1.7 (0.3–8.1) | 0.630 |
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 5 | 47 | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.002 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 4† | 5* | 1.9 (0.4–8.8) | 0.556 |
| Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation | 0 | 1 | 2.0 (0–78) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 | 30 | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) | 0.389 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 21 | 83 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.026 |
| Uremia | 2 | 4 | 1.2 (0.1–8.9) | 1.000 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 6 | 24 | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 1.000 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 13 | 8 | 4.6 (1.7–12.9) | 0.001 |
| COPD | 0 | 5 | 0.6 (0–3.3) | 0.655 |
| Asthma | 0 | 5 | 0.4 (0–2.1) | 0.379 |
| Bronchiectasis | 0 | 2 | 1.7 (0–21.3) | 1.000 |
| Pneumoconiosis | 1 | 0 | 2.0 (0.1–∞) | 0.667 |
| Lymphoma | 4 | 5 | 2.2 (0.4–10.3) | 0.422 |
| Leukemia/myeloma | 3 | 5 | 2.8 (0.5–15.6) | 0.271 |
| Cancer | 14 | 85 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Others (GIST/sarcoma/thymoma) | 0 | 5 | 0.5 (0–3.7) | 0.546 |
| Close contact with pigeons | 5 | 0 | 13.5 (1.8–∞) | 0.008 |
CMI: cell-mediated immunity; CAs: calcineurin inhibitors; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GIST: gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
†Heart (n = 2), kidney (n = 1), liver (n = 1).
* Heart (n = 2), kidney (n = 2), liver (n = 1).
# The mean dosage of steroid was significantly higher in cases received CMI-suppressive regimens without CA (n = 19) than that in controls received CMI-suppressive regimens without CA (n = 10) (equivalent dose of prednisolone: 20 vs. 5.4 mg/day, p = 0.041).