Table 2.
Multivariable Models - Generalized Estimating Equation
| Covariate | Laparoscopy | Partial Nephrectomy | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| 65–69 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 70–74 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.749 | 0.90 (0.78–1.05) | 0.179 |
| 75–79 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.324 | 0.74 (0.63–0.86) | <0.001 |
| 80+ | 1.24 (1.03–1.49) | 0.023 | 0.44 (0.36–0.54) | <0.001 |
| Female | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 0.268 | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 0.015 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian American | Ref | Ref | ||
| African American | 0.89 (0.73–1.10) | 0.285 | 0.94 (0.72–1.21) | 0.607 |
| Others | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 0.345 | 1.02 (0.73–1.42) | 0.897 |
| Married | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | 0.326 | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 0.790 |
| Dual eligibility for Medicare/Medicaid | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 0.213 | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 0.970 |
| Non-high school graduate | ||||
| Bottom Quartile | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2nd Quartile | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.353 | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.466 |
| 3rd Quartile | 0.87 (0.75–1.02) | 0.089 | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 0.489 |
| Top Quartile | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.088 | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 0.167 |
| Tumor Grade | ||||
| Well differentiated | 0.90 (0.73–1.13) | 0.370 | 1.77 (1.40–2.24) | <0.001 |
| Moderately differentiated | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.061 | 1.30 (1.07–1.58) | 0.009 |
| Poorly differentiated / Undifferentiated | Ref | Ref | ||
| Unknown | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) | 0.030 | 1.56 (1.26–1.94) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity Score ≥ 1 | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) | 0.008 | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.985 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 2000 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2001 | 2.38 (1.51–3.76) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.83–1.47) | 0.484 |
| 2002 | 4.28 (2.76–6.65) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.92–1.71) | 0.156 |
| 2003 | 7.40 (4.84–11.31) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.15–2.03) | 0.003 |
| 2004 | 9.88 (6.59–14.81) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.40–2.50) | <0.001 |
| 2005 | 11.79 (7.94–17.51) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.38–2.42) | <0.001 |
| 2006 | 14.74 (9.81–22.15) | <0.001 | 2.22 (1.64–3.01) | <0.001 |
| 2007 | 16.63 (11.14–24.82) | <0.001 | 1.93 (1.44–2.60) | <0.001 |
| SEER Region | ||||
| San Francisco | 1.70 (0.99–2.92) | 0.055 | 1.29 (0.81–2.04) | 0.284 |
| Connecticut | 1.37 (0.88–2.13) | 0.162 | 0.81 (0.52–1.28) | 0.370 |
| Detroit | 1.73 (1.04–2.87) | 0.033 | 0.77 (0.51–1.15) | 0.205 |
| Hawaii | 0.66 (0.29–1.47) | 0.306 | 0.94 (0.49–1.78) | 0.845 |
| Iowa | 0.76 (0.47–1.25) | 0.283 | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | 0.117 |
| New Mexico | 0.81 (0.42–1.56) | 0.523 | 0.97 (0.54–1.73) | 0.919 |
| Seattle | 1.35 (0.81–2.26) | 0.255 | 1.39 (0.88–2.20) | 0.153 |
| Utah | 0.83 (0.45–1.54) | 0.563 | 1.48 (0.88–2.48) | 0.140 |
| Atlanta and Rural Georgia | 1.42 (0.62–3.26) | 0.404 | 0.86 (0.46–1.62) | 0.643 |
| San Jose | 0.92 (0.43–1.99) | 0.837 | 0.15 (0.54–2.47) | 0.717 |
| Los Angeles | 1.15 (0.77–1.72) | 0.503 | 1.10 (0.75–1.60) | 0.634 |
| Greater California | 1.26 (0.86–1.84) | 0.242 | 0.94 (0.69–1.28) | 0.691 |
| Kentucky | 1.02 (0.66–1.57) | 0.922 | 1.03 (0.70–1.51) | 0.897 |
| Louisiana | 1.24 (0.78–1.98) | 0.369 | 1.03 (0.71–1.48) | 0.883 |
| New Jersey | Ref | Ref | ||
| CCOP affiliation | 1.11 (0.81–1.53) | 0.513 | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 0.741 |
| Cooperative Group | 1.59 (1.19–2.11) | 0.002 | 1.20 (0.96–1.50) | 0.118 |
| NCI-designated Cancer Center | 1.49 (0.88–2.50) | 0.136 | 2.88 (2.07–4.01) | <0.001 |
| Community Hospital | 0.74 (0.59–0.94) | 0.012 | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: SEER – Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; CCOP – Community Clinical Oncology Program; NCI – National Cancer Institute.