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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 4.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2015 Feb 19;85(5):1132–1144. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.017

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Sustained, rate-invariant transmission enables vestibular nerve synapses to mediate broadband linear signaling. (A) EPSCs in a vestibular nucleus neuron evoked by vestibular nerve stimulation at 10 Hz (left) and 100 Hz (right). (B) Population data obtained during stimulation at 10, 50, and 100 Hz show that EPSC amplitude depressed to a steady-state level that was independent of stimulus rate (n=11). (C) Steady-state charge transfer increased linearly with stimulation rate. Data show steady-state charge transfer per second normalized to the charge transfer of the initial EPSC (n=11). (D) EPSC amplitude remained constant during physiological variations in vestibular nerve activity. Head motion of a freely behaving mouse (top) was used to generate a naturalistic afferent firing pattern (middle). Naturalistic stimulation of the vestibular nerve evoked EPSCs that depressed rapidly to a sustained steady-state level (bottom, n=10). Error bars = SEM for all panels and in subsequent figures.