Figure 4.

Effects of conditioned medium on cytokine and growth factor secretion in engineered tissue. Conditioned medium was used to explore paracrine factors in the proliferative phase mimetic cultures. Exposure of stromal tissue to epithelial cell conditioned medium (S-Ecm) caused a significant reduction in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and an increase in TGF-β1 relative to stromal tissue alone (S). Epithelial tissue exposed to stromal conditioned medium (E-Scm) did not result in significantly increased TGF-β1 relative to epithelial tissue (E). # denotes P < .05 compared to all other conditions. TGF-β1 indicates transforming growth factor β1.