Table 3.
RDS-weighted bivariate and multivariate associations between demographic and selected variables and HIV infection among PWID, Nairobi, 2011 (N = 269)
| Variable | OR | p value | aORa | 95 % CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| ≤34 years | 1 | 1 | |||
| 35 years or older | 0.5 | 0.117 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.1 | 0.072 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 8.7 | 0.003 | 3.5 | 1.0–12.2 | 0.048 |
| Education | |||||
| Primary or less | 1 | ||||
| Secondary or higher | 1.1 | 0.790 | |||
| Injection behaviors (lifetime) | |||||
| Time since first injection | |||||
| 0–4 years | 1 | 1 | |||
| 5 years or more | 4.6 | 0.001 | 4.3 | 1.7–10.9 | 0.002 |
| Risky injection ever in lifetimeb | 3.8 | 0.050 | |||
| Receptive syringe sharingc | 7.9 | <0.0001 | 6.2 | 2.2–17.6 | 0.001 |
| Used pre-filled needle/syringe | 5.1 | <0.0001 | |||
| Front- or back-loaded needle/syringe | |||||
| Shared water used to prepare drugs | 3.6 | 0.014 | |||
| Shared equipmentd | 3.9 | 0.006 | |||
| Drew drugs from common container | 1.8 | 0.203 | |||
| Injection behaviors (past 1 month) | |||||
| Risky injection in the past 1 monthb | 2.0 | 0.127 | |||
| Receptive syringe sharingc | 2.2 | 0.063 | |||
| Used pre-filled needle/syringe | 2.5 | 0.033 | |||
| Front- or back-loaded needle/syringe | 2.3 | 0.052 | |||
| Shared water used to prepare drugs | 2.6 | 0.025 | |||
| Shared equipmentd | 2.1 | 0.101 | |||
| Drew drugs from common container | 3.1 | 0.008 | |||
a Adjusted for all other variables in the model
b Risky injection practices include using needles/syringe after someone else used, using a pre-filled needle/syringe, front- or back-loading injections, sharing of preparation water, sharing of other injections equipment such as spoons or cookers, or drawing drugs from a common container
c Receptive syringe sharing refers to using a needle/syringe used by someone else
d Sharing equipment includes sharing of dropper, water, bleach, and other cleaning agents