Table 5.
Inclusion criteria and populations' characteristics of the published studies conducted to evaluate the levels of various circulating cytokines in the serum of psoriatic patients.
| Ref. number | Study populations' characteristics/inclusion criteria | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Sex F/M | Clinical forms of skin psoriasis included | Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) | PASI (0–72) | Nail psoriasis | Treatment | |
| [27] | N/A | N/A | Psoriatic patients; not further clarified | N/A | N/A | N/A | Untreated topically and systematically ≥14 days before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| [28] | Mean ± SD: 40.2 ± 17.4 Range: 6.0–72.0 |
31/29 | Plaque psoriasis 83.3%, guttate 10.0%, flexural 3.3%, pustular 1.6%, palmoplantar 1.6% | Present in 23.3% | PASI ≤ 25: 76.6% PASI > 25: 23.3% |
N/A | Untreated topically ≥2 weeks before enrolment Untreated systematically ≥6 weeks before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| [29] | Mean ± SD: 35.0 ± 15.5 Range: 7.0–79.0 |
12/18 | Plaque psoriasis | Excluded | Mean ± SD: 9.3 ± 8.15 Range: 1.5–33.3 |
N/A | Untreated topically and systematically ≥2 months before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| [30] | Mean: 38.0 Range: 18.0–77.0 |
20/35 | Psoriatic patients; not further clarified | N/A | Mean ± SD: 21.7 ± 8.3 |
N/A | N/A (treatment before enrolment) |
|
| |||||||
| [31] | N/A | N/A | Plaque psoriasis: 9/12 Guttate psoriasis: 2/12 Erythrodermic psoriasis: 1/12 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | 10/12 untreated at the time of enrolment 2/12 on methotrexate |
|
| |||||||
| [32]* | Median: 52.5 Range: 18.0–81.0 |
25/12 | Plaque psoriasis | N/A | Median: 11.4 Range 3.5–42.0 |
N/A | N/A |
|
| |||||||
| [33] | N/A | 14/31 | Plaque psoriasis | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
| |||||||
| [34] | Mean ± SD: 47.5 ± 7.6 Range: 25.0–72.0 |
41/81 | Psoriasis vulgaris: 102/122 Guttate psoriasis: 7/122 Erythrodermic psoriasis: 5/122 |
Present in 8/122 | Mean ± SD: 7.3 ± 4.2 Range: 0.7–32.3 |
N/A | Treated, untreated, well-controlled, and poorly controlled cases. Treatments: topical steroid, topical vitamin D3, psoralen ultraviolet A, and systemic treatments (etretinate, ciclosporin) |
|
| |||||||
| [35] | Stable, plaque type psoriasis: Mean: 50.0 Range: 24.0–85.0 Highly active psoriasis: Mean: 47.7 Range: 27.0–76.0 Acute guttate psoriasis: Mean: 31.3 Range: 18.0–49.0 |
N/A | Stable, plaque type psoriasis: 16/52 Highly active psoriasis: 22/52 Acute guttate psoriasis: 14/52 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | None of the patients received local nor systemic antipsoriatic treatment prior to the study |
|
| |||||||
| [36] | Mean ± SD: 34.5 ± 13.3 Range: 15.0–65.0 |
13/17 | Psoriasis vulgaris: 90%; 10% not clarified | 4/30: joint complaints 1/4: showed radiological evidence of PsA |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
| |||||||
| [37] | Mean: 47.0 Range: 21.0–64.0 |
4/10 | Psoriasis vulgaris | Excluded | Mean: 8.5 Range: 2.0–25.3 |
N/A | Untreated, topically and systematically ≥4 weeks before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| [38] | Median: 52.5 Range: 15.0–82.0 |
19/1 | Plaque psoriasis: 18/20 Suberythrodermic psoriasis: 1/20 Pustular psoriasis: 1/20 |
N/A | Median: 11.4 Range: 3.0–40.5 |
N/A | Untreated topically and systematically ≥10 days before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| [39] | Mean ± SD: 40.6 ± 13.6 | 34/36 | Plaque psoriasis: 30/70 Guttate psoriasis: 20/70 Pustular psoriasis: 20/70 |
N/A | Mean ± SD: 6.6 ± 5.4 | N/A | Newly diagnosed or without systemic treatment ≥2 months before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| [40] | Mean ± SD: 45.6 ± 13.2 Range: 18.0–69.0 |
10/50 | Psoriatic patients; not further clarified | N/A | Mean ± SD: 15.7 ± 9.7 Range: 4.8–64.2 |
N/A | N/A |
|
| |||||||
| [41] | Mean ± SD: 43.8 ± 15.1 Range: 18.0–71.0 |
21/27 | Psoriatic patients; not further clarified | N/A | N/A | N/A | Untreated topically and systematically ≥4 weeks before enrolment |
|
| |||||||
| Our study | Mean ± SD: 44.5 ± 15.6 | 23/9 | Active, chronic plaque psoriasis | Excluded | Median: 4.1 Range: 2.2–15.0 |
Excluded | Untreated topically and systematically ≥1 year before enrolment |
Ref. number: reference number; F/M: females/males; N/A: not available; *data retrieved from the abstract, since no full-text file was available.