Fig. 7.

The effects of systemic subcutaneous injections of 3-,10-, and 30-mg/kg doses of compound 56 on NaLac-induced panic-associated autonomic responses [MAP (A), HR (B), and CBT (D)] and behavioral responses [social interaction duration (C) and general motor activity (E)] in rats made panic-prone with chronic reductions of GABA synthesis in the PeF region (i.e., local l-AG infusions). Line graphs are expressed as average percentage ± S.E.M. (n = 9/group). ⁺Between-subjects differences using a Fisher’s least significant difference post-hoc test that was protected with an ANOVA at each time point and significance with a one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was determined as P < 0.05. *Within-subjects differences using a Dunnett’s post-hoc test against baseline with a repeated measures P < 0.05. Bar graph in (C) is expressed as the average percentage ± S.E.M. (n = 9, 9, 8, 9, and 9); + and * indicate between-subjects differences using a Fisher’s least significant difference post-hoc test that was protected with an ANOVA P < 0.05. There was no significant baseline HR, MAP, CBT, or general motor activity between groups (see legends on figures). (F) Coronal brain section from a standard stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain (Paxinos and Watson, 2005) illustrating cannula placements (black circles) in the PeF region and medial nuclei. BPM, beats per minute; bsln, baseline; DA, dorsal hypothalamic area; DMN, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; f, fornix; LH, lateral hypothalamus; mt, mammillothalamic tracts; veh, vehicle.