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. 2015 Mar 5;3(1):e000067. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000067

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Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Relationships between annual antibiotic purchase rates and progression of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes. Annual number of antibiotic purchases in patients with type 1 diabetes and incident microalbuminuria (progressors, n=219; closed squares), and their age, sex, and diabetes duration (±2 years) matched controls with type 1 diabetes that have retained a normal albumin excretion rate during the whole follow-up period (non-progressors, n=874; open squares). The first year of incident microalbuminuria is shown as year 0. Controls were matched for sex, age, and diabetes duration (±2 years). Values are expressed as means with 95% CIs, and were adjusted for sex, HbA1c, and diabetes duration. A dashed horizontal line indicates the level of significance between years −4 and 0 in the incident microalbuminuria group. p Values (^#p<0.05; *p<0.01;**p<0.001) apply to the differences in annual antibiotic purchase rates between progressors and non-progressors.