Table 2.

Multivariate ZIP-modeling and incidence RRs (95% CI) of the hospitalization due to infections and antibiotic purchases in all patients with type 1 diabetes and NDCs

	Hospitalizations		Antibiotic purchases
	All patients with type 1 diabetes	NDC	All patients with type 1 diabetes	NDC
Age (years)	0.98 (0.98 to 0.99)	0.97 (0.97 to 0.98)	0.99 (0.99 to 0.99)	0.99 (0.99 to 0.99)
Sex (men as reference)	0.95 (0.84 to 1.07)	0.56 (0.50 to 0.62)	1.54 (1.46 to 1.63)	1.49 (1.44 to 1.55)
Calendar year	1.04 (1.03 to 1.05)	0.97 (0.96 to 0.98)	1.02 (1.02 to 1.02)	1.01 (1.01 to 1.01)
Hypertension	2.45 (2.12 to 2.83)	1.59 (1.40 to 1.82)	1.56 (1.47 to 1.66)	1.31 (1.26 to 1.37)
CVD hard event	2.13 (1.81 to 2.49)	1.94 (1.53 to 2.47)	1.33 (1.23 to 1.44)	0.97 (0.88 to 1.06)
Atherosclerosis	3.16 (3.11 to 5.45)	3.09 (1.87 to 3.29)	2.94 (2.66 to 3.25)	1.76 (1.29 to 2.38)
Cancer	1.23 (1.02 to 1.48)	2.50 (2.10 to 2.96)	1.14 (1.04 to 1.24)	1.24 (1.17 to 1.33)
Mental disorder	1.42 (1.25 to 1.62)	1.28 (1.13 to 1.45)	1.24 (1.17 to 1.32)	1.31 (1.26 to 1.37)
Alcoholism	2.02 (1.57 to 2.59)	1.76 (1.41 to 2.18)	1.16 (1.02 to 1.32)	1.01 (0.93 to 1.10)
Neurological disease	1.67 (1.30 to 2.15)	2.16 (1.64 to 2.85)	1.13 (0.99 to 1.28)	1.10 (0.99 to 1.24)
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.24 (0.97 to 2.15)	1.61 (1.21 to 2.14)	1.15 (1.02 to 1.29)	1.36 (1.23 to 1.51)
Respiratory diseases (asthma/COPD)	1.18 (1.03 to 1.34)	1.62 (1.44 to 1.82)	1.47 (1.38 to 1.56)	1.97(1.89 to 2.05)

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NDC, non-diabetic controls; RR, rate ratio; ZIP, zero-inflated Poisson.