Age dependences of (A) intracellular NAD+, NADH, and total NAD concentrations and (B) NAD+/NADH RP observed in healthy human brains. The open symbols represent individual subject data, and the filled symbols display the average data from three age groups of younger (21–26 y old; n = 7), middle (33–36 y old; n = 4), and older (59–68 y old; n = 6) subjects.