Table 3.

Effect of gender, major, ethnicity, and standing on differences in overall scores between the two sections

	Hybrid		Traditional
	n	Scorea	n	Scorea	Significanceb
Genderc					d
Male	52	81.7 ± 12.9	34	88.8 ± 11.9
Female	149	80.1 ± 12.1	88	88.2 ± 8.6
Major					d
Nursing	90	80.5 ± 12.0	20	82.7 ± 9.5
Biomedical sciences	30	77.9 ± 13.1	41	88.9 ± 11.1
Biology	33	82.7 ± 13.6	27	88.9 ± 9.7
Other	49	80.6 ± 11.3	34	90.6 ± 7.1
Ethnicityc					d, e
White	128	83.4 ± 10.6	91	89.8 ± 7.7
All minorities	73	75.4 ± 13.4	31	84.1 ± 13.0
Standing					d, e
Freshmen	98	78.1 ± 11.8	13	81.5 ± 10.6
Sophomores	64	81.2 ± 12.1	48	88.7 ± 7.9
Juniors	24	85.2 ± 13.5	44	88.1 ± 12.1
Seniors	16	85.2 ± 11.2	17	89.2 ± 9.6

^aScores are the final scores, excluding the quizzes. Values shown are means ± SD.

^bd = significant main effect of hybrid vs. traditional section; e = significant main effect of group (gender, major, ethnicity, or standing).

^cOne student did not report gender or ethnicity.