Table 4.

Relations between agreement with biological misconception statements and presence of cognitive construals in written explanations

	Frequency of cognitive construals in written explanationsa
Agreement with misconception statements	Teleological thinking	Essentialist thinking	Anthropocentric thinking	r2
All students: Agreement with…
Teleological misconceptions	0.224**	0.086	0.127	0.087**
Essentialist misconceptions	−0.027	0.283***	−0.034	0.080*
Anthropocentric misconceptions	0.057	0.190	−0.007	0.032
Biology majors: Agreement with…
Teleological misconceptions	0.309*	0.123	0.036	0.141*
Essentialist misconceptions	0.190	0.319**	−0.189	0.168**
Anthropocentric misconceptions	0.119	0.195	−0.112	0.063
Nonmajors: Agreement with…
Teleological misconceptions	0.141	0.032	0.141	0.044
Essentialist misconceptions	−0.174	0.176	−0.039	0.060
Anthropocentric misconceptions	0.091	0.061	0.036	0.014

For ease of interpretation, any entries in the table for which p ≤ 0.05 appear in bold.

*p ≤ 0.05.

**p ≤ 0.01.

***p ≤ 0.001.

^aEntries represent standardized regression coefficients (β).