Table 3.

NRS Pain Score Changes Stratified by Group and Belief to be Pain-free

Group	Baseline	Week 8	Week 12	Baseline – Week 8		Baseline – Week 12
				Difference	% changea	Difference	% changea
Massage (Pain-free n = 8, Not Pain-free n = 19)
Average Pain	5.8	4.6	5.2	1.2	21	0.6	10
Pain-free	5.8	3.8	5.3	2.0b	35	0.5	9
Not Pain-free	5.8	5.0	5.2	0.9	15	0.6	11
Worst Pain	8.0	6.0	6.7	2.0b	25	1.3	16
Pain-free	8.0	4.6	6.5	3.4b	42	1.5	19
Not Pain-free	8.1	6.5	6.8	1.6	19	1.3	16
Pain last 24 hr	5.4	4.3	4.8	1.1	20	0.6	11
Pain-free	5.0	3.5	4.6	1.5	30	0.4	7
Not Pain-free	5.6	4.6	4.9	1.0	18	0.7	13
TAU (Pain-free n = 7, Not Pain-free n = 17)
Average Pain	5.8	5.3	5.2	0.5	9	0.6	18
Pain-free	5.1	4.7	5.0	0.5	9	0.1	3
Not Pain-free	6.0	5.5	5.6	0.5	8	0.4	7
Worst Pain	8.0	6.7	6.8	1.3	16	1.2	15
Pain-free	7.3	5.7	6.2	1.6	22	1.1	15
Not Pain-free	8.4	7.1	7.0	1.3	15	1.4	15
Pain last 24 hr	5.8	5.0	5.2	0.8	14	0.6	10
Pain-free	5.1	4.7	4.3	0.5	9	0.8	16
Not Pain-free	6.1	5.1	5.6	0.9	15	0.5	8

^aAll percent changes were percent decreases

^bClinically significant 2-point change

NRS = Numeric Rating Scale⁽²⁷⁾.