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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Syst Appl. 2015 Jun 1;42(9):4529–4539. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.01.055

Table 4.

Classification performance (%) on CUReT dataset.

(8,1) (16,2) (24,3) (8,1)+(16,2) (8,1)+(24,3) (16,2)+(24,3) (8,1)+(16,2)+(24,3)
 dCOR WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP
LBP 53.68 58.8 60.34 58.33 58.33 57.87 69.13 71.16 70.79 73.51 69.82 67.47 73.02 74.09
VAR 35.20 35.20 33.42 33.42 31.60 31.60 47.54 50.05 48.29 50.39 39.8 43.77 48.31 52.06
LDDP2 41.04 51.87 48.00 55.13 54.02 56.23 65.00 69.58 67.47 71.30 63.54 66.27 69.82 73.71
LDDP3 28.97 44.38 38.24 45.66 40.11 43.91 50.05 58.6 56.43 60.75 54.63 59.19 59.00 65.28
LBP/VAR 62.67 63.76 59.02 60.95 48.75 52.74 64.37 70.31 60.85 68.06 56.73 67.25 61.72 72.23
LBP/LDDP2 72.66 72.96 71.32 70.35 65.2 67.63 76.28 76.93 77.17 78.45 71.91 74.01 76.85 79.12
LBP/LDDP3 66.82 68.81 67.49 69.64 66.03 68.48 74.28 75.29 75.71 76.91 71.91 74.84 76.02 77.86
VAR/LDDP2 56.47 56.37 53.53 55.54 43.61 51.79 59.43 65.28 55.92 63.46 52.34 62.08 57.14 68.34
VAR/LDDP3 48.00 51.51 42.80 46.95 36.46 41.50 50.60 56.05 49.12 56.23 44.84 51.27 49.48 56.19
LBP/VAR/LDDP2 68.44 69.62 58.82 67.57 47.48 62.18 64.68 72.61 57.44 73.24 55.34 73.75 59.35 75.92
LBP/VAR/LDDP3 66.30 65.28 58.19 64.57 47.05 60.28 63.32 71.40 56.43 71.34 55.16 73.55 58.34 73.97
 COS WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP WHOLE FP
LBP 57.52 58.8 63.64 58.8 63.93 58.34 69.27 71.16 71.38 73.53 69.48 67.63 72.92 74.26
VAR 38.49 38.49 35.81 35.81 32.81 32.81 48.31 50.37 49.28 50.54 40.59 43.53 48.86 52.24
LDDP2 46.45 53.84 52.95 55.82 58.9 56.51 64.17 69.35 67.37 71.52 63.20 66.30 69.05 73.47
LDDP3 34.94 45.13 41.67 47.94 49.81 45.03 50.72 58.76 56.39 61.39 53.90 60.26 58.21 65.08
LBP/VAR 63.72 63.93 59.65 61.29 49.50 54.12 65.00 70.65 60.83 68.36 57.06 67.35 61.76 72.23
LBP/LDDP2 72.84 72.96 71.03 70.29 65.30 67.49 76.08 76.91 77.19 78.47 71.85 73.97 76.81 79.10
LBP/LDDP3 67.37 68.64 67.67 69.78 66.42 68.73 74.05 75.31 75.73 76.91 71.72 74.86 76.00 77.88
VAR/LDDP2 57.50 56.35 54.04 55.68 44.68 53.98 59.63 65.81 56.17 66.09 52.72 61.80 57.02 68.89
VAR/LDDP3 48.65 51.47 43.33 47.11 36.86 41.99 50.86 56.09 49.40 56.29 45.13 51.31 49.67 58.88
LBP/VAR/LDDP2 68.85 69.56 59.47 66.66 48.00 63.54 65.14 73.18 57.54 73.63 55.62 73.77 59.57 75.75
LBP/VAR/LDDP3 66.07 66.40 58.6 63.99 47.32 62.65 63.40 71.60 56.49 71.42 55.38 72.96 58.42 73.87

WHOLE and FP represent the conventional classification approach and our framework of using frequent pattern mining and feature selection, respectively. dCOR and COS are correlation and cosine distance metric, respectively. (P, R) indicates neighborhood topology. LDDP2 and LDDP3 denote 2nd and 3rd order LDDP, respectively. WHOLE uses rotation invariant uniform pattern codes and FP adopts rotation invariant pattern codes. Bold indicates the highest accuracy in the experiment. / and + denote a joint histogram and a concatenation of multiple histgorams, respectively.