TABLE I.
n | % | n | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Midline defects (n = 146) | Genital defects (n = 34) | ||||
Brain reduction defects | 73 | 50.0 | Undescended testicles >37 weeks gestation | 11 | 32.4 |
Imperforate anus | 22 | 15.1 | Ambiguous genitalia | 10 | 29.4 |
Cloacal exstrophy | 13 | 8.9 | Cervix/vagina/clitoris anomalies | 5 | 14.7 |
Orofacial clefts | 12 | 8.2 | Hypospadias ± chordee | 5 | 14.7 |
Omphalocele | 12 | 8.2 | Uterus/ovary anomalies | 3 | 8.8 |
Bladder exstrophy | 12 | 8.2 | Rectovaginal fistula | 2 | 5.9 |
Microcephaly | 9 | 6.2 | Epispadias | 2 | 5.9 |
Hypospadias/epispadias | 7 | 4.8 | Micropenis | 1 | 2.9 |
Diaphragmatic hernia | 7 | 4.8 | Heart defects (n = 34) | ||
Double outlet right venticle | 4 | 2.7 | VSD—other/NOS | 15 | 44.1 |
Tracheoesophageal fistula ± esophageal atresia | 4 | 2.7 | VSD—muscular | 5 | 14.7 |
OEIS | 4 | 2.7 | Double outlet right ventricle | 4 | 11.8 |
Caudal regression | 3 | 2.1 | VSD—perimembranous | 3 | 8.8 |
Truncus arteriosus | 2 | 1.4 | Other heart anomalies | 3 | 8.8 |
Tetralogy of fallot | 2 | 1.4 | Truncus arteriosus | 2 | 5.9 |
Ectopia cordis | 1 | 0.7 | Tetralogy of fallot | 2 | 5.9 |
Renal defects (n = 42) | Pulmonary valve atresia/stenosis | 2 | 5.9 | ||
Kidney agenesis (unilat.) | 14 | 33.3 | Dextrocardia | 2 | 5.9 |
Horseshoe kidney | 7 | 16.7 | Other valve anomalies | 2 | 5.9 |
Double collecting system | 5 | 11.9 | Double outlet left ventricle | 1 | 2.9 |
Ectopic kidney | 4 | 9.5 | Ostiumprimum ASD | 1 | 2.9 |
Multicystic kidney type II | 3 | 7.1 | Common AV canal | 1 | 2.9 |
Kidney agenesis (NOS) | 2 | 4.8 | Aortic valve stenosis | 1 | 2.9 |
Kidney dysplasia (unilat.) | 1 | 2.4 | Hypoplastic L ventricle | 1 | 2.9 |
Kidney agenesis (bilat.) | 1 | 2.4 | R ventricular hypertrophy | 1 | 2.9 |
Polycystic kidneys | 1 | 2.4 | Coarctation of aorta | 1 | 2.9 |
Accessory kidney | 1 | 2.4 | Right aortic arch | 1 | 2.9 |
Absent ureter | 1 | 2.4 | Persistent L superior vena cava | 1 | 2.9 |
Absent bladder/urethra | 1 | 2.4 | Anomalous pulmonary venous return | 1 | 2.9 |
Prune belly syndrome | 1 | 2.4 | |||
Kidney dysplasia (bilat.) | 1 | 2.4 |
OEIS, omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida.