TABLE V.

Distribution of Demographic Characteristics by Spina Bifida Non-Isolated Sub-Groups, Pre- and Post-Fortification

	Pre-fortificationa								Post-fortificationb
	Midline (n = 100)		Renal (n = 32)		Genital (n = 22)		Heart (n = 17)		Midline (n = 44)		Renal (n = 9)		Genital (n = 12)		Heart (n = 16)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Infant sex
Male	50	50.0	11	34.4	12	54.5	9	52.9	25	56.8	4	44.4	7	58.3	7	43.8
Female	47	47.0	20	62.5	10	45.5	8	47.1	19	43.2	5	55.6	5	41.7	9	56.3
Unknown	3	3.0	1	3.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maternal race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	88	88.0	31	96.9	21	95.5	14	82.4	30	68.2	7	77.8	9	75.0	7	43.8
Black, non-Hispanic	7	7.0	0	0.0	1	4.5	1	5.9	1	2.3	1	11.1	1	8.3	1	6.3
Other racesc	5	5.0	1	3.1	0	0.0	2	11.8	13	29.5	1	11.1	2	16.7	8	50.0
Hispanic (1983+)	4	4.0	1	3.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	12	27.3	1	11.1	2	16.7	6	37.5
Maternal age at conception
<20 years	13	13.0	3	9.4	4	18.2	4	23.5	4	9.1	1	11.1	2	16.7	1	6.3
20–29 years	50	50.0	21	65.6	15	68.2	10	58.8	27	61.4	4	44.4	5	41.7	12	75.0
≥30 years	37	37.0	8	25.0	3	13.6	3	17.6	13	29.5	4	44.4	5	41.7	3	18.8
Maternal education
<12 years	19	19.0	5	15.6	6	27.3	5	29.4	6	13.6	1	11.1	2	16.7	4	25.0
12 years	41	41.0	14	43.8	9	40.9	7	41.2	14	31.8	5	55.6	4	33.3	6	37.5
>12 years	40	40.0	13	40.6	7	31.8	5	29.4	24	54.5	3	33.3	6	50.0	6	37.5
Missing data	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Folic acid intake
≥400μg	15	15.0	3	9.4	1	4.5	1	5.9	22	50.0	5	55.6	6	50.0	4	25.0
<400μg	80	80.0	28	87.5	19	86.4	16	94.1	21	47.7	4	44.4	6	50.0	10	62.5
Missing data	5	5.0	1	3.1	2	9.1	0	0.0	1	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	12.5

^aLMP dates prior to January 1, 1996.

^bLMP dates on or after January 1, 1998.

^cOther races includes Hispanic race/ethnicity.