Table 3.

Multivariate Analysis: 1985 and 1988 Longitudinal Religious Attendance Models With Pfeiffer’s Cognitive Dysfunction Scale (0–1 vs. 2–10 Errors) as the Outcome

1982 Predictors	1985, N = 1,847 (Dead = 490) OR (95% CI)	1988, N = 1,245 (Dead = 995) OR (95%CI)
Religious Attendance (<weekly/≥weekly)	.64 (.49–.85)	1.00 (.71–1.41)
Religious Preference
Protestant (no/yes)	.92 (.60–1.41)	.98 (.62–1.55)
Jewish (no/yes)	.78 (.46–1.32)	.59 (.32–1.09)
Other (no/yes)	.43 (.17–1.11)	.94 (.29–3.06)
None (no/yes)	1.69 (.54–5.25)	.86 (.23–.76)
Sociodemographic
Age (continuous scale: 65–99)	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	1.08 (1.05–1.11)
Gender (male/female)	1.31 (.95–1.82)	1.15 (.83–1.58)
Race (White/non-White)	2.91 (1.79–4.73)	1.60 (.88–2.91)
Income (dollars)
Middle income (5,000–9,999)	.85 (.64–1.13)	.86 (.58–1.28)
High income (10,000+)	.43 (.27–.69)	.66 (.42–1.06)
Missing income	.87 (.51–1.49)	.81 (.38–1.72)
Education (continuous scale: 0–17)	.92 (.88–.96)	.95 (.90–1.00)
Marital status (unmarried/married)	1.13 (.75–1.70)	.97 (.66–1.41)
Behavioral
Smoking
Past smoking (no/yes)	.76 (.58–.99)	.89 (.60–1.33)
Current smoking (no/yes)	1.18 (.75–1.83)	1.22 (.81–1.84)
Social engagement (ordinal scale: 0–3)	.84 (.72–.97)	.88 (.75–1.04)
Biomedical
Depression (no/yes)	1.09 (.69–1.70)	.95 (.57–1.57)
Functional Disability (no/yes)	1.18 (.78–1.80)	1.47 (.82–2.65)
Hypertension (no/yes)	.68 (.52–.88)	.88 (.66–1.18)
Stroke (no/yes)	1.85 (.95–3.60)	2.19 (1.16–4.14)
Cognitive dysfunction (continuous scale: 0–10)	1.51 (1.34–1.70)	1.54 (1.35–1.76)

Note: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.