Table II.
High risk factors in children with PVL.
| Factors | No. of cases (%) |
|---|---|
| Prenatal | |
| Abnormal amniotic fluid | 54 (13.24) |
| Umbilical cord abnormalities | 16 (3.92) |
| Placental abnormalities | 29 (7.11) |
| Intrauterine distress | 27 (6.62) |
| Threatened abortion | 57 (13.97) |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 26 (6.37) |
| Pre-eclampsia | 1 (0.25) |
| Infection during pregnancy | 86 (21.08) |
| TORCH infection | 175 (42.89) |
| Habitual abortion | 7 (1.72) |
| Gestational diabetes | 9 (2.21) |
| Intrapartum and postnatal | |
| Caesarean section | 208 (50.98) |
| Twins/multiple births | 62 (15.20) |
| Neonatal asphyxia | 181 (44.36) |
| Neonatal encephalopathy | 123 (30.15) |
| Neonatal sepsis | 5 (1.23) |
| Neonatal respiratory distress | 11 (2.69) |
| Neonatal seizures | 18 (4.41) |
| Neonatal mechanical ventilation | 9 (2.21) |
| Neonatal intracranial haemorrhage | 37 (9.07) |
| Neonatal jaundice | 169 (41.42) |
| Neonatal pneumonia | 25 (6.13) |
TORCH, toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex.