Table 4.
List of significant FDR-selected spots (cf. Table 2 and Table 3) from difference 2D gels identified by mass spectrometry. Functional activity of proteins was identified using Gene Ontology analysis (http://geneontology.org).
| Spot # | Name | UniProt or NCBI Accession | Biological Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+) 31 | pregnancy zone protein | P20742 | a |
| (+) 38 | α-1-antitrypsin | P01009 | b |
| (+) 53 | elongation factor 2 | EF2 | c |
| (+) 67 | prothrombin/hemopexin | P00734/P02790 | d |
| (+) 100 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase | Q16877 | e |
| (−) 131, 136,146,160 | α-1-antitrypsin | P01009 | f |
| (−) 150,166 | complement component C4B | gi:187771 | g |
| (+) 167 | C3 complement component | gi:194384410 | h |
| (+) 180 | plasminogen activator inhibitor | P05121 | i |
| (+) 191 | isocitrate dehydrogenase | O75874 | j |
| (+) 192 | haptoglobin | P00738 | k |
| (−) 193 | carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain | P15169 | l |
| (−) 370 | chain B, complement C3C | gi:78101270 | m |
| (−) 458, 490 | apolipoprotein A-1 | P02647 | n |
a: Pregnancy zone protein (PZP) is a proteinase inhibitor that is normally upregulated during pregnancy. PZP is believed to inhibit fibrinolytic activity binding to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine proteinase that catalyzes plasmin formation [89,90]; b,f: α-1-antitrypsin is an acute phase protein that inhibits serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator; c: Elongation factor 2 is a mediator of protein synthesis; d: (1) Prothrombin is an inactive precursor of thrombin that is converted to the latter by the proteolytic activity of the enzyme Factor X; (2) Hemopexin antiflammatory mediator [91,92]; e: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is an enzyme that is important for carbohydrate metabolism; g,h,m: Complement system components; i: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a regulator of plasmin-mediated pericellular proteolysis in the vasculature [16,17,18] Elevated expression of PAI-1 is generally associated with impaired fibrinolytic function and thrombosis[65]; j: isocitrate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrial enzyme involved cellular energy production that plays a role in the protection of cells from reactive oxygen species; k: haptoglobin Binds to free plasma hemoglobin and enables recycling of heme iron which prevents kidney damage. Haptoglobin is involved in modulating acute phase response and additionally has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties; l: Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain (CPN1) regulates the activity of vasoactive peptide hormones, growth factors and cytokines by specifically cleaving the C-terminal basic residues from the substrates; n: apolipoprotein A-1 is involved in lipid metabolism, is also believed to mediate infection by Dengue virus. Its levels are known to decrease during infection.