Table 1.

The values of biochemical parameters in three groups of Control, Opium and Withdrawal

Biochemical parameters	Groups
	Control		Opium		Withdrawal
	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n
FBS (mg/dl)	86.96 ± 1.19	90	**80.94 ± 1.02	89	¥¥80.80 ± 0.93	89
Na+ (mmol/l)	139.30 ± 0.39	100	139.20 ± 0.49	89	€€,¥¥144.30 ± 0.83	89
K+ (mmol/l)	4.47 ± 0.07	100	*4.17 ± 0.60	89	4.33 ± 0.07	89
Ca2+ (mg/dl)	9.37 ± 0.08	100	**8.81 ± 0.09	89	€€9.46 ± 0.12	109
Uric acid (mg/dl)	5.34 ± 0.13	100	**3.67 ± 0.08	89	€€5.16 ± 0.11	89
BUN	15.70 ± 0.36	100	**15.55 ± 0.49	89	€€15.74 ± 0.36	96
Creatinine	0.92 ± 0.02	101	**0.83 ± 0.01	89	€€,¥1.01 ± 0.01	85
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	180.06 ± 6.25	110	173.30 ± 3.92	89	181.80 ± 3.77	121
Triglyceride	105.70 ± 4.63	110	105.40 ± 4.30	89	¥,€128.80 ± 4.72	121

FBS: Fasting blood sugar; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; SD: Standard deviation; Data are expressed as mean ± SD and P < 0.050 was considered statistically significant

*P < 0.050 and **P < 0.001 Opium group Vs. Control group;

¥P < 0.010 and ¥¥P < 0.001 Withdrawal group Vs. Control group;

€P < 0.010 and €€P < 0.001 Withdrawal group Vs. Opium group