Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Mar 3;5(3):e517. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.16

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

Effect of ASO on WAS-induced behaviors. (a) Experimental design for repeated stress study. Experimental day is listed in each circle. Shaded circles indicate SHAM or WAS exposure. Filled circles represent ODN dosing. Both ODN dosing and stress exposure occurred on days 5–7. (b) WAS induced a significant increase in fecal pellet production on each day of exposure, which was not affected by ASO treatment. (c) WAS+RSO-treated rats demonstrated a significant decrease in withdrawal threshold that was not present in the WAS+ASO. (d) WAS+RSO induced a visceral hypersensitivity to colonic distension, which was normalized by ASO treatment. Data shown are mean±s.d. ^***P<0.001 compared with SHAM+RSO, ^†††P<0.001 compared with WAS+RSO, two- or three-factor analysis of variance with or without repeated measures, Tukey–Kramer post hoc analysis. ASO, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide; ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide; RSO, random sense oligodeoxynucleotide; WAS, water avoidance stress.