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. 2015 Mar 31;5(3):e535. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.24

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Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited

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A set of bar graphs showing the measures of food motivation by food intake test (a and b), levels of anhedonia by sucrose intake test (c and d) and forced-swim behavior test (e–j) in naive animal experiments. Before testing, animals were stimulated for 15 min and continuously for 2 h in the food intake test, 1 h in the sucrose intake test and 10 min in the forced-swim test. HFS of the Cg, vmPFC, NAc core and LHb significantly increased the levels of motivation for food intake. No significant difference was found in the sucrose intake and forced-swim behaviors of both LFS and HFS groups, as well as the food intake test of LFS group. Data represent means±s.e.m. Significant difference from the sham animals, (^*P<0.05). Cg, cingulate cortex; HFS, high-frequency stimulation; LFS, low-frequency stimulation; LHb, lateral habenular nucleus; NAc, nucleus accumbens; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex.