Table 1.
Oncolytic viruses that have undergone clinical trials, including any genetic modifications, the phenotypic results of those modifications, and the tumors which have been treated with the virus
| Virus | Name | Modification | Result of modification | Tumor type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | ONYX-015 H101 | E1B-55kDa | Lyse p53 deficient cells | H&N, glioma, ovary |
| Oncorine | Ad-E1b−/− | Promotes cell lysis | H&N, Iiver, lung, pancreas | |
| CGTG-102 | Ad-GM-CSF | Immune cell recruitment | Solid tumors | |
| DNX-2401 | Ad-D24RGD | Preferentially binds and lyses glioma | Glioma | |
| ICOVIR-5 | Ad-DM-E2F-K-D24RGD | Selects cells with E2F-Rb deregulation | Melanoma | |
| CG0070 | Ad-GM-CSF | Immune cell recruitment | Bladder | |
| Colo Ad1 | Ad3:Ad11P hybrid | Hybrid virus, boosts potency | Colorectal, ovary | |
| VCN-01 | PH20 hyaluronidase | Degrade tumor ECM | Pancreatic | |
| Coxsackievirus | CAVATAK | None | n/a | Melanoma, breast, prostate, H&N |
| Herpesvirus | Seprehvir | HSV1716-ICP34.5−/− | Unable to replicate in normal neurologic cells | Lung, H&N, HCC, meothelioma |
| G207 | HSV1716-ICP34.5−/−/6−/− | Unable to replicate in normal neurologic cells | Glioma | |
| HF10 | HF strain of HSV | Live attenuated HSV strain | H&N, skin, breast, melanoma | |
| Maraba virus | MG1 | MAGE A3, matrix mutants | Improved replication, unable to block host IFN | Lung, melanoma, colon |
| Measles virus | MV-CEA | CEA−/− | Able to track viral gene expression | Ovarian, glioma |
| MV-NIS | Na-I symporter | Delivery of radioactive iodine | Multiple myeloma | |
| Newcastle disease virus | PV701 | Attenuated virus | Tumor specificity | Pediatric tumors, sarcoma |
| Parvovirus | H-1 PV | None | n/a | GBM |
| Picornavirus | Seneca valley virus | None | n/a | NET |
| Polio virus | PVS-RIPO | Rhinovirus IRES | Only targets nonneuronal tumor cells | GBM |
| Reovirus | Reolysin | None | n/a | Various |
| Vaccinia virus | Pexa-Vec/JX594 | TK−/−, GM-CSF, EEV form | Evades host immunity, recruits immune cells, tumor specific | Liver, colorectal, H&N |
| GL-ONC1 | GFP,TK−/−, F14.5L−/−, HA | Trackable, tumor specific, reduced host virulence | Peritoneal, H&N | |
| wDD-CDSR | TK−/−, Vaccinia growth factor−/− CD, SR | Trackable, tumor specific, reduced host virulence, better 5-FU function | Melanoma, breast, pancreas, H&N, colorectal | |
| Vesicular stomatitis virus | VSV-IFN-β | IFN-β | Improved host immune response, less virulent to host cells | HCC |
Abbreviations: 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; Ad, adenovirus; CD, cytosine deaminase; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; ECM, extracellular matrix; EEV, extracellular enveloped virus; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HA, hemagglutinin; H&N, head and neck; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IFN, interferon; IRES, internal ribosome entry site; MAGE, melanoma associated antigen 3; n/a, not available; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; SR, somatostatin receptor; TK, thymidine kinase; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.