This figure demonstrates effect estimates and 95% CIs for BWGA z-score change per IQR increase in (A) BC level (IQR=0.21 μg/m3) and (B) PM2.5 level (IQR=1.64 μg/m3), stratified by sex and maternal pre-pregnancy obesity. Pinteraction denotes p-value for air pollution × sex interaction term in maternal obesity-stratified models. Models were adjusted for season of birth, maternal race, education, age at enrollment, prenatal smoking, prenatal NLEs, and neighborhood disadvantage index.