Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Group; mean ± SD* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Variable | Schizophrenia n = 29 |
Control n = 29 |
Statistic | p value |
| Sex, male/female | 21/8 | 19/10 | χ2 = 0.1 | 0.78 |
| Visual correction, CL/G | 1/12 | 3/9 | χ2 = 0‡ | > 0.99 |
| Age, yr | 39 ± 12.5 | 40.7 ± 13.5 | t56 = 0.5 | 0.63 |
| Educational level, yr | 12 ± 2.3 | 12.4 ± 1.5 | t56 = 0.9 | 0.39 |
| Estimated general intelligence† | 8.3 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 2.1 | t56 = 1.8 | 0.08 |
| Illness duration, yr | 18 ± 11.1 | — | ||
| Hospitalizations duration, mo | 16.5 ± 19.3 | — | ||
| Haloperidol equivalents, mg/24 h | 11.7 ± 8.6 | — | ||
| PANSS total | 90.6 ± 12 | — | ||
| PANSS positive | 21.8 ± 4 | — | ||
| PANSS negative | 24.3 ± 4.9 | — | ||
| PANSS general symptoms | 44.5 ± 6.8 | — | ||
CL = contact lenses; G = glasses; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SD = standard deviation.
*
Unless otherwise indicated.
†
Mean scaled scores, from 1 to 19. Wechsler intelligence scale scores have a mean of 10 and SD of 3 in the general population.
‡
For the χ2 test, contact lenses and glasses were counted as 1 category owing to small sample size.