Table 7.

Summary of Results

Number	Hypothesis	WIT/FPST Result	IAT Result
H1	Performance on implicit bias tasks reflects both EF and automatic processes.	SUPPORTED: Greater bias in PDP auto predicts higher performance bias. Greater Common EF predicts lower performance bias (Figure 3).	SUPPORTED: Greater bias in PDP auto predicts higher performance bias. Greater Shifting-specific ability predicts lower performance bias (Figure 5).
H2	EF moderates the effect of automatic processes on implicit bias, with automatic processes more directly driving performance bias among those with weaker EF abilities.	SUPPORTED: Common EF and PDP auto interact, with the positive relation between PDP auto and bias weakened at higher levels of EF (Figures 3 and 4).	NOT SUPPORTED: No interaction between any aspect of EF and PDP auto (Figure 5).
H3	EF should relate to control but not automatic processes.	SUPPORTED: Greater Common EF ability was associated with greater control. As predicted, no relations between EF and PDP auto (Table 5).	MIXED: Greater Updating-specific ability was associated with greater control, but greater Shifting-specific ability was associated with less control. As predicted, no relations between EF and PDP auto (Table 5).
H4	EF moderates the relation between implicit and explicit bias, with a stronger implicit-explicit relation when EF is low.	NOT SUPPORTED: Negative Personal Attitudes (Factor 1) were positively predicted by stronger implicit bias and negatively by Updating-specific ability, but Common EF did not interact with Implicit Bias (Figure 6).	NOT SUPPORTED: Negative Personal Attitudes (Factor 1) were positively predicted by stronger implicit bias and negatively by Updating-specific ability, but no aspects of EF interacted with Implicit Bias (Figure 7).
H5	Bias will be negatively associated with Internal Motivation but positively associated with External Motivation, even when controlling for EF.	SUPPORTED for Internal Motivation; MIXED for External Motivation: Greater Internal Motivation was associated with less negative implicit and explicit bias. External motivation was unrelated to implicit bias, and was associated with more negative Personal Attitudes (Figure 8).	SUPPORTED for Internal and External Motivation: Greater Internal Motivation was associated with less negative implicit and explicit bias. Greater external motivation was associated with more negative implicit and explicit bias (Figure 10).
H6	EF moderates the effect of motivation to control prejudice on implicit bias, with motivation more effectively translating into decreased bias when EF is high.	NOT SUPPORTED for Internal Motivation; SUPPORTED for External Motivation: No Common EF and Internal Motivation interaction. Common EF did interact with External Motivation in predicting implicit bias. The positive relation between External Motivation and implicit bias is strongest for people who have low Common EF (Figures 8 and 9).	NOT SUPPORTED for Internal Motivation; SUPPORTED for External Motivation: No Common EF and Internal Motivation interaction. Common EF did interact with External Motivation in predicting implicit bias. The positive relation between External Motivation and implicit bias is strongest for people who have low Common EF (Figures 9 and 10).