Table 1.

Frequency of RAS mutations in human cancers

Cancer	% KRAS	% NRAS	% HRAS	% All RAS
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	97.7	0.0	0.0	97.7
Colorectal adenocarcinoma	44.7	7.5	0.0	52.2
Multiple myeloma	22.8	19.9	0.0	42.6
Lung adenocarcinoma	30.9	0.9	0.3	32.2
Skin cutaneous melanoma	0.8	27.6	1.0	29.4
Uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma	21.4	3.6	0.4	24.6
Uterine carcinosarcoma	12.3	1.8	0.0	14.0
Thyroid carcinoma	1.0	8.5	3.5	13.0
Stomach adenocarcinoma	11.4	0.9	0.0	12.3
Acute myeloid leukaemia	3.1	6.7	1.6	11.4
Bladder urothelial carcinoma	3.1	1.4	5.9	10.6
Cervical adenocarcinoma	8.3	0.0	0.0	8.3
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	0.5	0.3	4.7	5.5
Gastric carcinoma	4.0	1.0	0.0	5.0
Esophageal adenocarcinoma	4.1	0.0	0.7	4.8
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia	1.9	2.5	0.0	4.4
Lung squamous cell carcinoma	2.2	0.0	2.2	4.4
Small cell lung carcinoma	1.4	0.0	1.4	2.8
Renal papillary cell carcinoma	1.8	0.0	0.0	1.8
Adenoid cystic carcinoma	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.7
Medulloblastoma & pilocytic astrocytoma	1.0	0.5	0.0	1.6
Breast invasive carcinoma	0.7	0.4	0.3	1.4
Hepatocellular carcinoma	0.8	0.4	0.0	1.4
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma	1.3	0.0	0.0	1.3
Ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	0.6	0.6	0.0	1.3
Adrenocortical carcinoma	1.1	0.0	0.0	1.1
Neuroblastoma	0.0	0.8	0.0	0.8
Brain lower grade glioma	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.7
Prostate adenocarcinoma	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.7
Glioblastoma multiforme	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.7
Medulloblastoma	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.4
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.4
Esophageal adenocarcinoma	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Osteosarcoma (paediatric)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rhabdoid tumours	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sarcoma	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Small intestine neuroendocrine tumours	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Compiled from references or databases referred to in Supplementary Table 1