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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Theor Biol. 2015 Jan 28;369:85–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.01.020

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The average proportion of cooperators in the simulated population was strongly influenced by the benefit to defect (b), the average duration of pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive life span, as well as interactions between these four independent variables. To illustrate the main findings the interactive effects of b, pre-, and post-reproductive lifespan are shown here for the shortest (top row) and the longest (bottom row) reproductive duration. Note that the post-reproductive axis is inverted between the rows to improve the visualization of the results.