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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Theor Biol. 2015 Jan 28;369:85–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.01.020

Figure 7.

Figure 7

The evolutionary potential of cooperators M is shown in separate panels for the three evaluated values of the defectors’ benefit b. Scenarios were separated by reproductive duration (dark to light in ascending order) and show the average effect of prolonged life expectancy by adding non-reproductive s (pre- and post-reproductive) stages. While M decreases for very short reproductive durations, the addition of non-reproductive stages increases the evolutionary potential of cooperation for most scenarios.